Theme Of A Dolls House Essays - Films, A Dolls House,

Theme Of A Doll's House Henrik Ibsen's, A Doll's House is definitely a unique story written by a very intelligent, complicated writer. I believe he intentionally wrote the play in a manner which would lead every reader to draw his own conclusions. He forces us to find our own interpretation of the play in context with our personal lives and experiences with the opposite sex. The theme may be interpreted by many as a study of the moral laws that men and women are required to follow by nature. I believe it is primarily based on the gender stereotypes that determine the role of women in society. During the time in which the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were expected to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure the house was in perfect order. In Act I, there are many clues that hint at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is like a doll controlled by Torvald. She relies on him for everything, from her movements to thoughts, much like a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. In the beginning of the play, Nora did enact the stereotypical role, which she felt she was required to do. In once instance, Torvald feels that he must reteach Nora how to dance the tarantella. Nora of course pretends that she needs him to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. In truth, this is an act and proves her submissiveness to her husband. Once he is finished teaching her the dance he proclaims, When I saw you turn and sway in the tara ntella, my blood was pounding till I couldnt stand it showing that he is more interested in Nora physically than emotionally. Nora responds to his remark saying, Go away, Torvald! Leave me alone. I dont want all this. Torvald asks, Arent I your husband? implying that one of Noras duties as his wife is to physically please him at his command. Torvald also does not trust Nora with money, which exemplifies Torvald's treating Nora as a child. On the rare occasion when Torvald gives Nora some money, he is concerned that she will waste it on candy and pastry. In general, Noras duties are restricted to playing with the children, doing little housework, and working on her needlepoint. A problem with her responsibilities is that her most important obligation is to please Torvald, making her role similar to that of a slave. Torvald easily talks down to Nora saying things like: worries that you couldnt possible help me with, Nora, Nora, just like a woman, and Maynt I look at my dearest treasure? At all the beauty that belongs to no one but methats my very own? as if she is considered his property. However, Nora does eventually realize that she has been treated like a child all her life and has been denied the right to think and act the way she wishes. When Torvald does not immediately offer to help Nora after Krogstad threatens to expose her, Nora realizes that there is a problem. By waiting until after he discovers that his social status will suffer no harm, Torvald reveals his true feelings; that place appearance, both social and physical, before the wife which he supposedly loves. This revelation is what prompts Nora to walk out on Torvald. When Torvald tries to reconcile with Nora, she explains to him how she had been treated like a child all her life; her father had treated her much the same way Torvald does. Both male superiority figures not only denied her the right to think and act the way she wished, but limited her happiness. Nora describes her feelings as always merry, never happy. When Nora finally slams the door and leaves, she is not only slamming it on Torvald, but also on everything else that has happened in her past which curtailed her growth into a mature woman English Essays

Free Essays on Electronic Data Interchange

Electronic Data Interchange E-Finance Paper Electronic Data Interchange One of the more commonly accepted definitions of Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, has been "the computer-to-computer transfer of information in a structured, pre-determined format." Traditionally, the focus of EDI activity has been on the replacement of pre-defined business forms, such as purchase orders and invoices, with similarly defined electronic forms.† EDI is the electronic exchange of information between two business concerns in a specific predetermined format. The exchange occurs when messages that are related to standard business documents, such as Purchase Orders and Customer Invoices are exchanged. The business community has arrived at a series of standard transaction formats to cover a wide range of business needs. â€Å"Each transaction has an extensive set of data elements required for that business document, with specified formats and sequences for each data element. The various data elements are built up into segments such as v endor address, which would be made up of data elements for street, city, state, zip code, and country.† All the transactions are then grouped together, and are â€Å"preceded by a transaction header and followed by a transaction trailer record. If the transaction contains more than one transaction, many purchase orders can be sent to one vendor, several transaction groups would be preceded by another type of record, referred to as a functional group header, and would be followed by a function group trailer.† One of the first places that EDI was implemented was in the purchasing operations of a business. Before the implementation of EDI, a purchasing system would allow buyers to review their material requirements, and then create purchase orders, which would be printed out and mailed. The supplier would receive the purchase order, and manually enter it into their customer shipping system. The material would be s... Free Essays on Electronic Data Interchange Free Essays on Electronic Data Interchange Electronic Data Interchange E-Finance Paper Electronic Data Interchange One of the more commonly accepted definitions of Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, has been "the computer-to-computer transfer of information in a structured, pre-determined format." Traditionally, the focus of EDI activity has been on the replacement of pre-defined business forms, such as purchase orders and invoices, with similarly defined electronic forms.† EDI is the electronic exchange of information between two business concerns in a specific predetermined format. The exchange occurs when messages that are related to standard business documents, such as Purchase Orders and Customer Invoices are exchanged. The business community has arrived at a series of standard transaction formats to cover a wide range of business needs. â€Å"Each transaction has an extensive set of data elements required for that business document, with specified formats and sequences for each data element. The various data elements are built up into segments such as v endor address, which would be made up of data elements for street, city, state, zip code, and country.† All the transactions are then grouped together, and are â€Å"preceded by a transaction header and followed by a transaction trailer record. If the transaction contains more than one transaction, many purchase orders can be sent to one vendor, several transaction groups would be preceded by another type of record, referred to as a functional group header, and would be followed by a function group trailer.† One of the first places that EDI was implemented was in the purchasing operations of a business. Before the implementation of EDI, a purchasing system would allow buyers to review their material requirements, and then create purchase orders, which would be printed out and mailed. The supplier would receive the purchase order, and manually enter it into their customer shipping system. The material would be s...

Report Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report Plan - Assignment Example The recipient of this report is the various organizations, both governmental and NGOs, dealing with welfare funding. Identifying the problem was an easy task. According to government statistics, TANF program has 31% of white families, 33% black and 29% Hispanic. It is important to note that the aim of the program is to provide funds to needy families with a five-year limit on financial assistance. In fact, total welfare spending for the year ending 2010 reached an astounding $900 billion. The problem arises due to the fact that, even with the large amounts spent on assisting poor families, more families keep increasing systematically. To answer the questions, it is crucial to have access to the government archives on the target program (TANF). The public libraries with government, though few, are a good source of information. The internet is also an important resource for this research. I will have access to the national statistics databases. Journals and newspapers detailing the aspect of social welfare will be considered a resource. Kearns (2000) advices of the use of mixed methodology in answering research questions. Following Kearns’ advice, I will use observation and interview to answer the questions. The interview will be in form of a questionnaire directed at sampled TANF and the program supervisors. Since the research is personal, I intend to make unbiased observations and take note for further reference. The suggested course of action will be based on unprejudiced answers to the questions of research. Corcoran (2011) lays out a clear method of identifying loopholes in social affairs based on the failures of the system

Writing a policy about Human Resources Security Assignment

Writing a policy about Human Resources Security - Assignment Example Cloud computing is today becoming business modernization’s fresh standards (Alali & Chia-Lun, 2012). The goal of the policy on external computing services is to secure human resources information. The policy also seeks to provide many enticing opportunities in the technology industry with several technology solutions being offered at very low costs. The policy on external cloud computing services will also make the foundation of pivotal improvements in the human resource information technology effectiveness. Given external cloud computing services are significant for human resource security (CHOI, 2013). The policy on external services is significant to the organization in terms of securing human resources information. It will assist in backing up confidential information from hackers and other unauthorized users. Retrieving information will also be easy as a result of implementing this policy. The objective of this policy is gain from external cloud computing services in terms of flexibility, efficiency, flexibility, and reduction in cost currently (Cross, 2012). As models of businesses change to be at par with the advancement in technology as well as the associated market shifts, organizations strive to build their strategies of cloud computing out of flexible components requiring interoperability among vendors (Cross, 2012). Another objective of the policy on external cloud computing services is to open opportunities by making technology and applications more accessible and minimizes the risk of having a significant data breach. Cloud computing is vital in safeguarding information. Many institutions have contributed to the marketing and development of platforms based on external cloud computing services policy. Some of the organizations already using external cloud computing services include Verizon, Oracle, Apple, VMWare, IBM, Google, Sony, Amazon, NetSuite, and Microsoft. Many other organizations are establishing all forms of

Why i want to be a LPN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why i want to be a LPN - Essay Example I chose your school of nursing because it is an award-winning school and I believe that it would assist me in the development of my comprehension of the basic principles of nursing. I understand that the program that the school presents is planned to meet the swiftly growing requirement for competent nurses in our country. The school’s high-tech facilities, faculty as well as other professional resources will also be invaluable during my study. I have always had a particular interest in studying science and I have excelled in my grades. Moreover, I am an open minded, hard working, dynamic, and sociable individual who possesses great interpersonal and networking skills. I am also excellent in team playing and I have other traits such as attention to details, readiness to learn, and the ability to work with minimal supervision. These would be invaluable as I pursue my dream. Moreover, I believe that pursuing the profession of a Licensed Practical Nurse would grant me the opportunity of improving these skills, which would make me even better. Pursuing this profession will also endow me with exceptional support and training, over and above giving me the opportunity to interact with the infamous nursing professionals in your institution. Once I become a Licensed Practical Nurse, I aim to take part actively in the promotion as well as provision of health care services to the best of my capability. I am genuinely concerned in people’s health, and I would love to work in hospitals, private homes settings, extended care facilities, nursing homes among other settings where there is need to serve humanity by improving their life

Emotion And Disgust As A Moral Emotion Psychology Essay

Emotion And Disgust As A Moral Emotion Psychology Essay This research study aims to explain the relationship between feelings of disgust, cleanliness, and moral judgments, and also their potential impact on willingness to pay for fair trade products. In our experiment, participants watched a video including disgust issues and according to their cleanliness priming they cleaned their hand with a sanitizer, with hand wipe, or no cleaning. In the control condition, they only answered questions without seeing the movie. Based on literature review we proposed that there is a negative correlation between state of moral cleanliness and their willingness to pay for ethical products. If people are too moral, their willingness to pay decreases or if they feel immoral, their willingness to pay increases for fair trade products. The findings were not supporting the idea that cleanliness make moral judgments less sever and willingness to pay for fair trade products decreases. Keywords: emotion, disgust, morality, moral judgment, embodiment; embodied cognition, moral licensing, moral cleaning, fair trade products, willingness to pay. How can Disgust Feelings Impact on Purchasing Decision of Fair Trade Products? We do our decisions either rational or emotional. Now think about the scene that you are in a store and standing in front of shelves, and you fetch the fair trade labeled product. After coming home, you realize that you bought so many fair trade labeled products. Normally, you do not buy these kinds of products, but today was different. Does fair trade labeled product make you feel better? Do you think that you are more ethical now? There might be a significant correlation between your instant emotional state, moral judgments and your decisions. Previous studies demonstrated that decision process is related with emotions. In this paper, we want to study the impact of emotions on decision making process. In this research paper, we want to focus on disgust as emotion and its possible association with moral judgments and influence on decision making process. We especially want to focus on economic decisions, because we want to see if it is possible to implement marketing campaigns of fa ir trade product based on moral judgments related issues. Emotion and Disgust as a Moral Emotion Emotions are crucial both in shaping moral judgment and behavior and as reactions to morally-relevant behavior. For this reason, there are so many studies addressing emotions (e.g., fear, anger, disgust, etc.). According to the social intuitionist model of moral reasoning (Haidt, 2001), emotions are the primary driver for shaping moral judgments. This perception is closely in same line with other study, it emphasizes on quick and automatic valuations, in other word intuitive-emotional processes, are critical in the judgment process (Greene Haidt, 2002). People use their affective feelings as a source of information and interpret their conditions in the environment. According to the state of their feeling (e.g., positive or negative), peoples interpretations show differences when making evaluative judgments. In other words, people usually like when they feel positive and dislike when they feel negative about the situation (Schnall, Benton, Harvey 2008). This concept is similarly sta ted in the affect-as-information framework; there is a relationship between emotion and cognition (Schwarz Clore, 1983, 1988, as cited in Schall et al, 2008). According to Niedenthal et al. (2005), social information processing involves embodiment, where embodiment refers both to actual bodily states and to simulations of experience in the brains modality-specific systems for perception, action, and introspection (p.184). Processes of embodied cognition is both online and offline. While online embodiment uses physical objects, offline embodiment has to do with abstract objects in the surroundings. In order to make a meaningful interpretation of symbols, individuals have a count on the relevant, first online embodiment (Niedenthal et al., 2005). Herein, we want to stress on disgust more specifically because it is more related with the focus of our research subject. We often use disgust in a food related concept, but it is also proper for socially immoral people, situations, and behaviors. For instance, a violation of a moral issue regarding to purity has been shown to stimulate disgust feelings (Rozin, Lowery, Imada, Haidt, 1999). Especially, its evolutionary position as a protective emotion, disgust seemed to be a particularly significant emotion concerning moral judgment (Pizarro, Inbar, Helion, 2011). There is also other research addressing the same mechanism of disgust with another remark. According to Rozin, Haidt, and McCauley (2000), the mechanism of disgust has been changed from being a protection of body from harm to being a shield for the soul in case of harm. At this level, disgust becomes moral sense and powerful form of negative socialization. Several studies underlined that pure disgust and moral disgust not only create a similar impact in body, i.e., face expression and physiological activation (Rozin, Lowery, Ebert, 1994 as cited in Zhong Liljenquist, 2006) but also have a place in particularly same brain areas, essentially in the frontal and temporal lobes (Moll et al., 2005, as cited in Zhong Liljenquist, 2006). In order to understand the moral judgment mechanism, we should look at a bit closer the social intuitionist model. According to this model, people usually make their moral judgments according to their feelings (Haidt, 2001). For instance, previous studies showed that moral disgust has immediate impact on judgments and make moral judgments more severe (Schnall et al., 2008; Wheatley Haidt, 2005). Social intuitionist model proposes that moral judgments are shaped by various factors including intuition and instinct, and hardly because of a cognitive process. In other words, intuitions and emotions do not require effort, and they are instant; and that we are not aware of the process consciously. Intuition with reasoning is purposeful, conscious, and to have need for several steps. Moreover, emotional state may play a role, but they do not affect the moral judgment in a straight line. The roles of moral reasoning might be looking for a reason to defend own instant instinctive responses, using logic to share judgments with others and influence them to agree, and counting on reasoning in case of no initial intuition or conflict situation in intuitions(Haidt, 2001). In their study, Schall et al., (2008) stated that disgust feelings can be conveyed to objects for which they are not related. This shows that judgments are under the effect of disgust emotions even it is not interrelated with the situation or object. For instance, Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) investigated the relationship between emotions and their impacts on endowment effect. They showed that induced disgust emotion by former, unrelated situation had carry-over-effect to normatively independent financial decisions. As a result of inducing disgust when it compared with being in a neutral mood reduced the capital amount that participants were willing to pay for certain objects and endowment. Additionally, the research results of Schall and colleagues (2008) point out a causative relationship between physical disgust feelings and moral criticism. In their experiment, participants made their moral decisions while going through extraneous feelings of disgust. Manipulation of dis gust performed by a bad smell, working in a disgusting room, recalling disgusting experience, and watching a disgusting video clip. In common, the results indicated that disgust causes to moral judgments more severe when it compared to the control condition. More specifically, the participants who were exposed to the unpleasant smell had more severe in their judgments. Additionally, people who showed a high level of body consciousness were more severe in their moral judgments. Cleanliness and Moral Judgments The consideration of cleanliness helps to form a key moral judgment that developed from the need to protection from possibly hazardous materials (Haidt Joseph, 2008, as cited in Schnall et al., 2008). Investigation of the relationship between physical cleansing and moral judgments by (Schall et al., 2008) helped out to understand the importance of cleanliness over moral judgments. They observed that, after washing their hands with cleanser and water participants can reduce their moral judgment severity of video clip including disgust issues. Based on this finding, they assumed that physical cleansing can reduce feelings of disgust and the severity of the moral judgments. With similar viewpoint Zhong and Liljenquist (2006) conducted a study in order to investigate an interchangeability relationship between physical and moral purity, to put it in a different way, physical cleansing acts as a substitute for moral purification. They asked participants to recall a moral or immoral action from their past, as a result of an immoral action came up with more words with cleaning related than those who remembered a moral act. Afterwards, they examined whether a hidden treat to moral cleanliness creates a psychological desire for cleaning; they observed that copying the immoral story amplified the interest of cleansing products. In their next experiment, the possibility of taking an antiseptic cleansing wipe after remembering a moral or immoral act. Not surprisingly, most of the participants who recalled an immoral act took the disinfectant wipes as a gift. In the last experiment, participants described an immoral act from their past. After that, they either cle ansed their hands with an antiseptic wipe or not. They finished a survey regarding with their current emotional state before asking to participants if they would be eager to help for a different research study without pay. Participants, who had preferred to clean their hands, were less willing to be a volunteer to help. The possibility of expressing feeling of guilt, regret, shame or discomfort was eliminated with cleaning. According to the findings; we can conclude that physical cleansing repairs moral self-image. The desire for cleaning is a human coping mechanism, which has changed to reduce feelings of guilt when we act unethically. In a different paradigm, to figure out the importance of sense on behaviors Holland, Hendriks, and Aarts (2005) conducted a study. The result of the research demonstrated that scent can have non-conscious influence on both thought and behavior and makes participants more sensitive to moral-related words. In addition, pleasing fragrances activate and expose positive memories, information and moods, which leads to increased ease of access of information, and information processing depth. On the other hand, their study did not clearly address the role of odor in moral judgments and moral cleansing. The research study by Liljenquist, Zhong, and Galinsky (2010) also demonstrated that clean smell both motivates clean behavior and increases moral behaviors such as mutual trust as well as proposing help for charity. Moral Licensing and Moral Cleaning Researchers Khan and Dhar (2006) describe the phenomena of moral licensing as an unconscious effect that provides a moral enhancement in oneself self-image. They point out the significance importance of prior choices in activating and improving oneself self-image. It helps us to understand the preference mechanism of human among the set of alternatives. In addition, results of the research demonstrate that a primary altruistic intent enhancing the relevant self-concept can free a person to pick a more indulgent possibility. It is an valuable outcome for understanding the influence of priming on a self-concept for the next choices. According to this research results (Merritt et al., 2010) moral licensing is not only decrease prosocial enthusiasm, but also less inhibit ethically doubtful behavior. The study conducted by Sachdeva, Iliev, and Medin (2009) also demonstrated compensatory and regulatory behavior of people. It suggests that with high moral self-worth people can behave immora lly. Also, people can show opposite behavior in other area of their life because their ample self-image in some way forces them to balance out all that goodness. In other words, we adjust our sense of self-worth by doing moral self-regulation continuously. For example, when we think that were too moral, we feel that we have the right to be immoral for a moment. On the other hand, if we think that we act immoral, we feel necessity for doing something moral to feel better again about ourselves. This type of reactions can be thought of as moral licensing. Principally, thinking of positive behaviors increases ones self-worth while negative behaviors decrease it. In the experiment, conducted by Sachdeva et al. (2009), participants thought that they took part in a handwriting test. All experimentations involved positive traits and negative traits behaviors condition. By asking participants to think of both positive and negative behaviors connected with them, they manipulated participants degree of self-worth, and they also were asked if they have a desire for contributing for a charity with money on hand. Participants who had higher self-worth donated low amount of money to charities than participants with lower positive self-image. They observed that priming people with positive and negative deeds strongly affected ethical behavior. Participants, who wrote about their moral behavior, donated the lowest amount, while participants who wrote about immoral behavior donated highest amount. Dissimilarity, participants, who were in the negative condition and wrote about their immoral story, gave more than those who wrote a unethical story about others. Participants showed a need for the moral-cleansing or moral-licensing only when they wrote about themselves. To put it in a different way, changes in self-concept would take place when participants think about themselves, rather than thinking about another person. In short, talking about themselves activated the occurrence of the moral-cleansing and moral-licensing effects on people. Merritt et al. (2010) claim that when individuals have had a chance to establish their kindness, generosity, or compassion, they should worry less about engaging in behaviors that might appear to violate prosocial norms (p.346) and behaviors that establish ones morality can disinhibit people to act in morally dubious ways (p.354). Sachdeva et al. (2009) said If people feel too moral they might not have sufficient incentive to engage in moral action because prosocial behavior is inherently costly to the individual (p.524). The other research study (Jordan, Mullen, and Murnighan, 2009, as cited in Merritt et al., 2010) found similar outcomes using prosocial intentions as a dependent measure. After asking participants to describe their past activity in terms of their ethical, unethical and neutral themes, they indicated the probability of their engagement in each of numerous prosocial activities (i.e., money donations, giving blood, and volunteering). Participants who remembered their ethical act stated less prosocial intentions than the control group, representative of moral licensing while prosocial intentions of participants, who recalled a their unethical act, were higher than the control group. This performance referred as a moral cleansing. In the second experiment, they asked participants if they would cheat on a math exam. Participants, who recalled a past good action, were most probable to cheat than people who recalled a past immoral action. Horberg and colleagues (2009), propose that disgust can polarize moral judgments, leading people to judge other people and their behaviors as more morally negative when the behaviors or people are themselves objectively negative, and more morally positive or commendable when the behaviors or people are themselves objectively positive. Hypotheses As we discussed in the previously, cleansing has a significant effect on moral judgments in other words, making them less harsh and we make our decision according to these instant emotions. We also know that disgust induced emotions effect can be carried over to unconnected economic decisions. Economic decisions show differences according to persons moral self-worth need (moral cleansing and moral licensing). Based on this logic, we set hypotheses as following: The first hypothesis stated that participants in the sanitizer condition will be less willing to choice for fair trade product when it compared to those in the movie condition. The second hypothesis stated that participants in the sanitizer condition will be less willing to pay for fair trade and regular products when it compared to participants in the movie condition. The third hypothesis stated that participants in the sanitizer condition will be less severe in their moral judgment for moral dilemmas when it compared to participants in the movie condition In this present research we measure the effect of cleanliness on moral judgments and economic decision by constructing dependent variables: willingness to pay (to what degree that participants willing to pay for fair trade and regular products), product choice questionnaire (to what degree that participants choose fair trade products), moral dilemmas (to what degree that participants moral judgments are affected by cleanliness priming), and chocolate sheet (to what degree that participants choose fair trade chocolate). We defined four dependent variables according to their possible relationship with moral judgments by sourcing former studies. Method Participants In total 149 (71 male, 78 female, M age= 24.32, SD=4.67) undergraduate students, a great majority of them were studying in the University of Bern, participated in the experiment individually. Participants of the study were recruited at the UniS cafeteria at the University of Bern. They were asked if they would like to participate in the short experiment attempting to investigate the consumer behavior. They were also told that they would get 3 Swiss Franc for their participation. Research Design The experiment was designed as a combination of between and within subject design. It employed 4 cleanliness (sanitizer, hand wipe, movie and control) x 2 product categories (fair trade and movie) in a mixed factorial design. In the experiment, independent variables (short video, hand cleansing and hand wipe) were manipulated between subjects and dependent variables (product choice and willingness to pay (WTP)) were manipulated within subjects (regular and fair trade products). By combining different independent variables with each other, we defined four different conditions. These conditions were the video-hand sanitizer condition, the video-hand wipe condition, the video clip condition and the control condition. The control condition was used for manipulation check. Materials Independent Variables A Short Video- Ninety seconds scene from the film Trainspotting that was presented to stimulate in disgust (Schall et al., 2008), was used to show the participants in the related conditions. Hand sanitizer (branded as Nexcare) an alcohol-based disinfection gel It works in 30 seconds and 99.9% protection against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Hand wipes (branded as Coop Fresh Clean)- for gentle cleaning and pleasant refreshment. Product Evaluation Questionnaire- By using a 5-point Likert-type scale from 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good), participants were asked to evaluate the related product which they were given to use (hand sanitizer or hand wipe). The questions asked were: How well did the hand sanitizer / hand wipe clean your hands?, How clean do your hands feel after the using hand sanitizer gel/ hand wipe?, How pleasant was the usage of the hand sanitizer gel/ hand wipe? Dependent Variables Willingness to Pay (WTP) Questionnaire- Participants were asked to define their price level for the 8 different regular and the 8 fair trade product types. Products were banana, chocolate, oranges, pineapple, ice cream, coffee, gummy bears and rice. Participants were given 15 different prices with the reference price (market price) in the middle of the price scale. Increment for prices in the scale was +/- 10% of the reference price. Product Choice Questionnaire- Once finished the part related to willingness to pay, participants were asked to indicate that how often (scaled as 0 to 10 purchases) they would buy the fair trade products. In this part, same 8 product kinds used similarly in the WTP Part. Moral dilemmas- Directly after completing the product choice part, participants continued with rating five moral dilemmas (Schall, Haidt, Clore Cordan, 2008). Short stories were used to associate whether disgust related scenarios would be judged more severely than scenarios involving no disgust. Participants indicated their judgments about how wrong each of five moral dilemmas by using the 9-point Likert-type scales from 0 (perfectly OK) to 9 (extremely wrong). The rating scale label was reversed to simplify the interpretation of results, with higher ratings indicating higher levels of moral disapproval. We assumed that two out of five of these vignettes involved a moral violation with disgust: Dog (a man who ate his dead dog), Plane Crash (starving survivors of a plane crash consider cannibalism). The rest of vignettes involved a moral violation with no disgust: Wallet (finding a wallet and not returning it to its owner), Resume (a person falsifying his resume) and Trolley (prevent ing the death of five men by killing one man). The instructions told participants to go with their initial intuitions when responding. Chocolate sheet- It was including 12 different types of chocolate types with pictures (6 regular and 6 fair trade products). Participants were asked to choose 5 chocolates in total without limitation. Control Variable Private Body Consciousness Questionnaire- After finished the moral judgment vignettes, participants completed the Private Body Consciousness Questionnaire (Miller et al., 1981), which contained five items. Participants used a 6-point Likert-type scale from 1 (disagree strongly) to 6 (agree strongly). The items used were: I am sensitive to internal bodily tensions, I know immediately when my mouth or throat gets dry, I can often feel my heart beating, I am quick to sense the hunger contractions of my stomach, and I am very aware of changes in my body temperature. Procedure When the participant arrived to the PC room, first it was asked to sign a consent form. After participants had signed the form, it was showed to a sit at the computer desk which was isolated from other computer desks with a cabin in order to prevent disturbing the participant by others during the experiment. Before each participant entered to the PC laboratory, the room was ventilated in order to be sure there had been no smell from the sanitizer or the hand wipe as a result of the previous experiment session. First, participants were told to wear the headphone when they were watching the video. In the video-sanitizer condition, participants watched a short video which was previously mentioned in the material section and then they were given a hand cleansing to clean their hand for 30 seconds. The next part of the experiment was framed as product evaluation and participants answered the product evaluation questionnaire which was mentioned in the material section. In the video-hand wi pe condition, participants followed same steps like in the video- hand sanitizer condition. However, they were given hand wipe to clean their hand and asked to make the product evaluation based on hand wipe with the same questions. In the video clip condition, participants watched only the video clip and continued to do the experiment with a willingness to pay part. For the control condition, participants directly started to do the experiment from the willingness to pay part. From the point of willingness to pay questionnaire, all participants of all conditions followed the same path until the end of the experiment. In the first part of the willingness to pay, participants were asked to define their price over eight different regular products (banana, chocolate, oranges, pineapple, ice cream, coffee, gummy bears and rice). Same procedure was repeated for the fair trade products. Afterwards, participants were asked to indicate that how often (out of 10 purchases) they would buy the fair trade products with product choice part. In the product choice part, the same eight product types were used also in the willingness to pay part. After completing this part participants rated five moral dilemmas. Immediately after the priming task, participants finished the experiment by completing the Private Body Consciousness Questionnaire. After participants had finished the experiment, they were given a chocolate sheet (including six regular and six fair trade chocolate kinds with pictures) and asked to choose 5 chocolates in total out of 12 different kinds of chocolate. The number of fair trade choice was noted down. At the end of the experiment, participants were remunerated with 3 Swiss Franc for their participation and asked to sign the receipt of reward to confirm the payment. They also got the chocolates which they chose as a part of the experiment. Results Choice of Fair Trade Products In order to test whether the cleanliness priming had an impact on the choice of fair trade products at the end of the experiment, we analyzed results by independent t- test with the priming (movie vs. sanitizer) as a factor. The result of group statistics indicated the choice of fair trade product in sanitizing condition (M = 4.61, SD=2.21) and the movie condition (M=4.15, SD=1.87). To make a valid conclusion from this result, we looked at the results of t-test for independent samples (t (78) =0.98, p =0.32). Significance level indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the choice of fair trade products for sanitizer and movie conditions. By looking at this result, we summarize that cleanliness priming did not show any influence over the fair-trade product choice. WTP for Fair Trade Regular Products In order to investigate the impact of the cleanliness priming (movie and sanitizer) over willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products, results were analyzed by ANOVA. The results were in the same way with hypothesis. WTP for fair trade products was higher in movie condition when it compared to the sanitizer condition. In a 2 (willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products) x 2 (sanitizer and movie conditions) mixed factorial analysis of variance the interaction was significant, F (1, 78) = 6.54, p = 0.012. We can say that there was a significant interaction between willingness to pay and conditions. Also looking at the significance value of WTP in tests of within subject contrasts (F (1) = 132.4, p = 0.000) shows us that there was a significance difference WTP of fair trade and WTP of regular products. Participants were more willing to pay more for fair trade products when it compared to regular products (Figure 1). Figure 1- Willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products according to sanitizer and movie conditions. In order to analyze if there is a real connection between the condition type and the willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products, we carried out independent t-test. According to the result of it, there was no significant difference for willingness to pay for fair trade products between sanitizer (M =8.57, SD =1.87) and movie condition (M = 8.67, SD = 1.87); t (78) =-0.216, p = 0.829. We can interpret this as; there was no effect of conditions on participants willingness to pay for fair trade products. On the other hand, there was marginally significant difference between sanitizer (M = 6.92, SD = 1.88) and movie condition (M = 7.61, SD = 1.70); t (78) = -1.71, p = 0.09 for willingness to pay for regular products. We can only say that conditions had an effect on willingness to pay for regular products. Participants were willing to pay more for regular products in movie condition than the sanitizer condition. When we look at the effect of the movie and sanitizer conditions on willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products, we see no significant main effect of conditions (F(1, 78) = 0.98, p = 0.32). Moral Dilemmas We calculated the average composite ratings for all moral dilemmas as a first step (Figure 2). We assumed that participants who cleaned their hands after watching the disgusting video would make less severe judgments than participants who did not clean their hands. We used an independent-samples t-test to compare the severity of moral judgments in sanitizer and movie conditions. There was a significant difference in the scores for sanitizer condition (M = 6.80, SD=1.49) and movie condition (M = 6.09, SD = 1.13); t (78) = 2.39, p = 0.019. These results indicated that conditions had an impact on moral judgments. Specifically, sanitizing hands had on the effect about making moral judgments more severe than in the movie condition. Cronbachs alpha was calculated as 0.31, which indicated a low level of internal consistency with regards to moral dilemmas. This value showed lower bound for reliability, and moral dilemmas were not measuring the same phenomena. Figure 2- Average composite ratings for moral dilemmas in the experiment for sanitizer and movie condition. Discussion The present study examined the role of cleanliness on moral judgments, more specifically on purchase decision and willingness to pay for fair trade products. We used experimental method in order to have evidence for our predictions, but we observed relatively inconsistent support for our hypotheses. We found that there was no significant difference regarding participants choice of fair trade products in the movie and sanitizer conditions. Consequently, one of our hypotheses about the cleanliness was unsupported. We did not see any influence of cleanliness on moral judgments and more specifically on the choice of fair trade products. On the other hand, it did not mean that our research finding challenges the validity of influence of cleanliness on moral judgments. The concept and identity of fair trade products might have a bias effect on the choice of them. For example, the price of fair trade products is higher than the regular products. Price can be a powerful influence on the deci sion of fair trade products purchase. We did our study mostly with university students who have low purchasing power and. Second finding of our research was about willingness to pay for fair trade and regular products in terms of two cleanliness conditions (movie and sanitizer). We saw significant interaction between conditions and willingness to pay at first look. When we looked in detail, we saw that there was no effect of condition on wiliness to pay in general. We looked at the results again because at first sight we saw an interaction between conditions and product types. The main aim was to figure out the interaction in individual level both fair trade and regular products. It was obvious that participants were willing to pay more for fair trade products than regular products. We observed that there was no effect of condition on willingness to pay for fair trade products. We assume that there were other influences triggering this effect. As we mentioned before, fair trade products have high in price value and this might have bias effec

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens Sunday Morning Essay -- Poem Poe

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens' Sunday Morning Voice is an integral part of Wallace Stevens' "Sunday Morning." The voice of the poem is not the woman's, but that of an outside narrator who seems to give words to the feelings that the woman experiences. The dramatic situation is created during the first stanza. The woman, still in her peignoir, is taking "late coffee and oranges in a sunny chair" on a bright Sunday morning instead of attending church. The quiet of the scene is evident, and the "holy hush" provides the woman with the perfect environment for introspection. The poetic problem arises when the woman, in her liminal state of mind, is troubled with conflicting emotions about life, death, and Christianity. The first thought that encroaches upon the woman's daydreams and darkens the atmosphere is that of a solemn "procession of the dead" to Palestine. Her interaction with the procession is interesting because it symbolizes the journey she is making in her mind and sets the tone for later religious questioning in the poem. The second stanza begins with a series of rhetorical questions that express the woman's inner struggle. The second question is her response to the dark encroachment of the procession, and the third question answers the previous two. The randomness of this questioning illustrates the disorganized nature of her thinking, and an answer finally surfaces when she decides that "divinity must live within herself." A list of positive and negative emotions that she has experienced as a result of nature provides further explanation of the divinity she hopes she possesses within. The realization that these emotions "are the measures destined for her soul" ends the stanza with a feeling of hopefulness. Reli... ...ained in the seventh when Stevens depicts pre-Christian ideals such as the ancient worship of the sun as a god. Here, the blood of the turbulent, chanting men leaves them and returns to the sky in a process similar to the commingling human blood with the blood of heaven in the third stanza A few other philosophical observations result from this stanza, including the suggestion that Gods are humanly created and the idea that men are a part of nature. The last stanza of "Sunday Morning" reiterates the feeling of solitude that the woman experiences in the first stanza, but the tone has changed. The image of silent water again dominates the scene, and her religious questioning continues. She is still suspended in a disorganized state of mind, but there is a feeling of acceptance of the ambiguity of life that is not replaced with the peace of mind and hopes of happiness.

Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland

â€Å"Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Policy Implications for Emerging Economies† is a scholarly journal article which is written by Peter J. Buckley and Frances Ruane of the University of Leeds and Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. The article is well structured and starts off with an introduction explaining how the important role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the global economy relates to issues of how the foreign direct investment (FDI) they control impacts on overall economic activity in the receiving countries. It explains that specific emphasis is centered on how the government can influence FDI policies and thereby attract more of an audience. The journal article focuses the entire paper on the FDI in Ireland because of two primary reasons: 1) because Ireland has consistently promoted export-platform inward investment into the manufacturing sector for over four decades, and 2) MNEs in the Ireland economy now account for fifty percent of manufacturing employment and are the focal point of restructuring of the Irish manufacturing sector over the past twenty years. The introduction then goes on to explain that there are four sections of the paper (the first being the introduction itself). The second section examines literature that emphasizes the selective promotion of MNEs, as well as the DFI policies that have promoted MNEs on a selective basis in Ireland. The third section shows primarily how Ireland has attempted to establish industrial clusters in manufacturing, while the fourth and final section draws out some policy propositions for newly emerging economies, which are based on the Irish policy experience. For the second section of the journal article, it explains that until the 1970s there was pretty much an implication of free mobility of capital across sectors. Then, it explains, the ‘Internalization School’ provided a strong connection between MNEs and development in general. In essence, the school argued that developing countries are inexperienced and lack resources, so FDI could essentially help developing countries through capital, technology, and management techniques as well as overall â€Å"know-how. MNEs have far better access to capital from the international banking sector, and this can make a dramatic effect on the development of countries. Technology transfer can also speed up development by â€Å"facilitating the production of goods with higher value-added content by increasing exports and improving efficiency. † The article explains that MNEs posses most of the international patents and it would be much easier for developing countries to get access to these resources by inviting and encouraging FDI. The article also points out that MNEs can also play a huge role in teaching the know-how of the newly emerged sector or enterprise to locals in the respective emerging economy. Finally what is also pointed out is that MNEs allow developing countries to penetrate foreign markets because they may make use of worldwide marketing outlets thereby allowing the selling of products where large marketing investments would have otherwise been needed. Ireland starting shifting its policies from high rates of tariff protection and prohibition of FDI towards a free trade policy that comprised of encouragement and incentives for MNEs. More specifically, the incentives were given in the form of generous financial support for capital investment as well as through giving a tax holiday of fifteen to twenty years on the incremental profits generated by export sales. The journal article then goes on to further elaborate on the development of policy in Ireland. It explains that Ireland realized huge benefits in the 1960s because it had very attractive FDI environment. This was furthered by Ireland’s entry in to the European Community in the 1970s. However, in the 1970s, policy towards FDI became much more selective in Ireland. More specifically, it encouraged investment into the production of high-tech goods by proactively seeking out electronics and pharmaceuticals enterprises and gave higher rates of financial assistance to these high-tech promoted sectors. Another advantage to potential FDI was that there was no opposition or domestic competitors. In formulating this more selective approach, policymakers in Ireland developed a specific system of selectivity for influencing the pattern of MNE investment that was comprised of four stages: (i) finding niche high-value/volume product markets with European growth potential; (ii) identifying enterprises in these markets, which were already exporting large volumes into Europe likely, in terms of the product cycle, to con- sider a European production base; (iii) persuading these enterprises to consider Ireland as an investment base; and (iv) agreeing an incentives package which would both secure the investment and ensure maximum benefit to Ireland as a host country. Since the 1980s, there has been continued evolving in the policy, largely because of limitations set by the EU which ultimately led to the replacement of the original tax holiday with an overall low corporate tax on all profits (trade-neutral). The article then shows how there is a parallel with Ireland concerning China. It explains that China is an attractive location for FDI largely because of its growing domestic industry as well as its low-cost exporting system. It lists a problem that is associated with the aggressive FDI and MNE policy creation that often blocks local private companies from accessing capital thereby cutting them off from export markets. The third section of the journal article discusses the development of clusters in Ireland. It is explained that such development has evolved to be that enterprises now need to take account not only of the presence and costs of traditional factors (such as transport costs and demand levels or patterns), but also of distance-related transaction expenses. There is a lot of theoretical history and implications made from different schools of thought, however this section (and the focus of the article in general) is more concerned with how this relates to Ireland and what developing countries can learn out of it. The article explains that there has always been an Irish effort to induce MNEs to locate in areas of high unemployment and depopulation via financial incentives, however the country only began attempting to build sectorial and spatial clusters since the 1980s. As previously mentioned, they were in two high-tech sectors: electronics and chemicals/pharmaceuticals. Regarding the electronics sector, Ireland was primarily building an electronics cluster to service the European market because the domestic market was not as important. This cluster was built on Ireland’s attractive MNE incentive reputation as well as by collaborating with its existing network of established MNEs. The initial hope was to attract some key electronics investments and then leverage further MNEs who essentially followed suit from the established key MNEs by also establishing bases in Ireland to keep up with competition. In the 1980s, the article explains, there were four key segments: microprocessors, software, computer products and printers. Namely, Ireland succeeded in attracting two key enterprises: Intel and Microsoft. Their initial hope had paid off soon because Hewlett-Packard followed suit, and then a bunch of other smaller electronics and software enterprises all of which wanted to utilize and link with the larger key enterprises. Regarding the chemical/pharmaceutical sector, Ireland followed much of the same leveraged approach, and got similar results even though this sector was much more footloose. However, there is little evidence of production links between the subsequent and key enterprises as there is in the electronics sector. There is also the subsector of medical devices (mainly in West Ireland) where significant grants can still be granted under EU law. The article explains that this is a much less concentrated sector and thus the average enterprise size is much smaller (unlike the electronics and chemicals/pharmaceuticals enterprises). Within this section of the paper, the author notes that there is a specific parallel with India. The article states that like Ireland, â€Å"India had a switch from a protectionist (and dirigiste) regime to a more open one, this process beginning with the Indian software industry. † India’s most successful FDI is the software cluster in Bangalore. The software cluster in India has the support of universities and colleges as well as returning Indian immigrants to strengthen the pool of available skilled labor for these MNEs. As previously mentioned, the fourth and final section of this journal article is all about the implications for FDI policy in newly emerging economies. The article starts off by saying that there are similarities with developing and newly-emerging economies and Ireland in the late 1960s/early 1970s. The article suggests that Ireland’s strategy is particularly appealing to emerging economies that have no strategic power in trade. Ireland was exceptionally successful in attracting MNE investment in the past decade â€Å"is at least in part due to its consistently positive stance towards MNEs over four decades. The article also says that a key reason why Ireland was so successful was because they see government as assisting rather than constraining them. More specifically, however, the paper lists the following implications that are extracted and gathered from the experiences of the success of the Ireland policy. First, it says â€Å"host countries can never stop being pro-active. † There needs to be some serious effort in attracting MNEs. Secondly, â€Å"a package of incentives is superior to a single incentive. This i s based on MNE surveys, which illustrate the fact that they do not prefer single incentives. They prefer a package of incentves. Thirdly, â€Å"host countries should adopt an enterprise-centered approach. † This means that host countries need to makes sure that they understand the global strategies of MNEs, not only as it would relate locally and regionally. Fourthly, it contends, â€Å"sectoral direction requires project selectivity. † The article explains that many emerging countries are insufficiently selective in attempting to attract MNEs. Other implications include the fact that policy consistency matters to investors – that there should not be any room for uncertainty as to an abrupt policy change; the fact that performance-based incentives are a good idea; as well as the fact that projects need to be monitored. That is, clear goals and reporting requirements need to established early on. Now that the summary of the paper has been established, I can now give my own commentary. To begin with, I feel that the paper was well written. It was definitely well organized and cited many references that added credibility to the author’s points. I am in agreement that there are huge advantages to attracting foreign direct investment and MNEs. They are especially useful to emerging economies, because as the paper mentioned, I also agree that there are many resources that would otherwise be unavailable. There is the advantage of global marketing, the advantage of penetrating into external markets. There is also the advantage of the MNEs having access to international financing. However, I feel that there are also disadvantages and problems to FDI and enticing MNEs. If incentives are offered to these organizations, it often causes the local businesses and entrepreneurs to either struggle or fail because they are not able to compete. So in order to solve this problem, I feel that there needs to be many factors that are considered before diving into FDI and changing policies to entice MNEs. Among the considerations that I feel should be made is how under-developed the economy is, as well as a plan of how long these incentives should last. If a country is beyond the initial stages and there are solid businesses that are thriving and all that is needed is more growth, I think the country should be careful about introducing MNEs at least in those same sectors of those thriving businesses. That is, because if they are in the same sector, those very businesses that started the economy are likely to fail. Another consideration as I mentioned is how long these incentives should last if implemented. In essence, there should be a moderation of policy in which there attracts healthy investments but also that doesn’t hurt at home. I also feel that there are other problems with MNEs and FDI in general. For example, when the host country is in dire need of FDI to spur economic growth, they are essentially at the MNE’s mercy and there are often rules that are broken. For example if a country has environmental protection laws and the MNE breaks them, is the country prepared to enforce the laws, or succumb to the threat of a worsened economy if the MNE’s leave or are forced out? These issues need to be solved by considering them before any agreements are made. As the article says, proper planning is key to successful MNE recruitment. Other problems are that like in Ireland, the EU might pass laws disallowing certain incentives. These need to be researched to see whether deals can be grandfathered or not (before the passing of the law), otherwise this can prove detrimental to the whole FDI recruitment plan. At times the governments of the host country face issues with foreign direct investment. This is because it has less control over the functioning of the company, as it is functioning as the wholly owned subsidia ry of an overseas company. This has the potential to lead to serious issues. The MNE might not have to be completely submissive to the economic policies of the host country. It is not unheard of that there have been instances of adverse effects on the balance of payments of a country, for example. The solution to these issues is again proper planning and legal strategy. Attorneys well learned in international business law need to be familiar with all aspects of the law in both the host country as well as the MNE’s home country. Without proper planning, disasters can occur which would undermine the original intent of enticing MNEs and FDI in the first place.

Definition Essay Sample on 3D Computer Graphics

Definition Essay Sample on 3D Computer Graphics A definition essay is the type of work that gives space for creating a comprehensive understanding of a notion that goes far ahead of its mere explanation. The writer provides the inner and outer connotation of the phenomenon to immerse readers into the linguistic and practical variety that the word could have if it is put in distinct environments and situations. In another way, the notion could have one direct meaning, but if envisioned from various perspectives, its perception could change. Therefore, definition essay implies the type of work that could give the most profound approach to the multiple faces of the phenomenon. ‘The Description of Three-Dimensional Computer Graphics’ Essay Sample The concept of three-dimensional computer graphics is proposed to be defined in three ways that include 3D-simulation, 3D animation, and 3D-visualization in general. Three-dimensional graphics (3D or three dimensions) denotes a section of computer graphics that covers algorithms and software for operating objects in three-dimensional space, and the result of such programs. It is regularly used to create images in architectural rendering, cinematography, television, computer games, printed matter, science and, naturally, advertising. It is worth to put the focus on explaining the definition of three-dimensional computer graphics through particular examples, namely, its application in interactive advertising around the world. The following should be highlighted as the main features of three-dimensional computer graphics that are most actively used in interactive advertising. First goes the creation of completely â€Å"drawn† scenes. Second, we should name the replacing of the background. Third, the process includes the creation of an environment. Forth, it is important to mention adding the actors, characters, or creatures. Then goes the actors and their actions replace; adding of an object into the frame; removing an item from a structure; dimming or illuminating images; changing speed; fixing problems and disadvantages encountered during shooting (for instance, removing a grid from a wig, changing the shape or color of the eyes). It also allows converting 2D video to 3D and creates winning captions, title s, logos, and variety of multimedia content. Usually, three-dimensional elements complement or change scenes in interactive promotional materials, but they can also be used to create fully animated commercials based on computer graphics. Internationally, they are produced in collaboration with movie companies such as Pixar, DreamWorks, and Sony Animations. Based on the latest world achievements, the following types of external interactive advertising are identified: outdoor interactive advertising, interactive showcases (including virtual directories), interactive billboards, interactive mirrors, interactive flooring, interactive racks at the bar, interactive games and games without script, virtual drafts, showcase as canvas (art projects), holographic advertising, virtual 3D promoters, X3D-video (out of the screen). Among the technologies that are being used, it is important to highlight interactive 3D projections (Ground FX technology, Free Format Projection). The next is the fully represented examples of three-dimensional graphics definition through its applications in the sphere of interactive advertising: Interactive Showcases. Interactive showcases are one of the most promising trends in retailing, while windows decorated with the classical mannequins signify a relic of the past. At present, in the face of increasing competition, retailers have to fight for the buyer. Interactive showcases do not only have the benefits of external video screens but also enable passers-by to be engaged directly. The Wieden+Kennedy Advertising Agency once greeted London residents by creating an interactive installation that performed the Christmas hymn. The feature of interactive advertising was that it mimicked a whole choir with the help of the passers-by. The unique program recreated the faces of people as if they were part of a festive three-dimensional video. Virtual Catalog. It enables a visual showing of the store range and opens access to it, even if the shop itself is closed. For example, the Puma virtual catalog in Montreal runs by this principle. People can leave messages on the screen via the virtual keyboard. Interactive Games. The gaming ideas that establish an emotional contact with the viewer work well for the companies whose product offer does not suppose to design features but has more complex characteristics that cannot be displayed on the screen (such as taste or smell). In this case, the multi-dimensional graphics computer technology is also actively used. The recent examples included the Starbucks showcases that promoted the Tazo tea line (Ramsarran par.1). Passers-by were able to manage a small creature (hummingbird or butterfly) that has to go through many obstacles to find unique components for each of the new teas. Games without the Script. To force people to engage in a game, it is not necessary to come up with complicated moves. Sometimes, it is good enough to realize a simple idea. Therefore, â€Å"motion-sensors† in interactive windows can use the movement to open or display part of the image on the screens. In support of their company, Rocking Dots Diesel equipped a showcase of their main store in Copenhagen with such sensors, and passers-by waved with pleasure to open another piece of the performance of virtual rock musicians (â€Å"Diesel Interactive Storefront† par.1). A Showcase as a Canvas. The brands that seek to link their image with creative freedom refer to interactive solutions that allow passers-by to do small art projects. The colorful interactive showcase works fine on the promotional series of art and crafts master classes held in various museums. In addition to the information on the schedule of all events, it gives adults and children an opportunity to draw their hands directly on the glass, and then send the ready masterpiece by email. Interactive Billboards. It differs from interactive showcases by means of displaying graphic (animation) information and location. The duty of marketers remains the same – to make potential consumers at least to hold back and look at external media. One method to do this is to use 3D computer technologies and make billboards or online format interactive, thus providing consumers with the reason to stop and â€Å"get in touch† with the media (Mehrabi et al. 96). For example, there was an advertising medium set up in Japan to promote a reality show devoted to cooking. Every passerby could feel like a star since the screams and camera flashes began to work when people walked close enough. Thus, the development of means for the output of multidimensional computer graphics has made it possible to achieve extraordinary results. Interactive Mirrors are advertising media that have two modes: a highlighted poster and a mirror. Built-in motion sensors determine the distance between the surface and the person, and then change the look of the surface. Thus, when passers-by are approaching closer, they can see their reflection instead of an advert. As a rule, an interactive three-dimensional advertising image on the mirror comes up thanks to the instantaneous change in the attention of potential consumers. Sensitive Floor is a projection system created with modern digital and projection technologies. Interactive floors change the position of three-dimensional graphics depending on the movement of the person. The technology is based on the operation of projectors that respond to human action within the image being projected. Process management occurs automatically in a particular computer program. In fact, one can create a variety of high-end interactive effects with 3D graphics. The circles disperse under the feet, or the stellar trail stretches behind a human. These animation elements are often used in combination with slogans and logos. Interactive floors make consumers interact with them since movement under the feet drives attention and attracts to join the game simultaneously. A similar effect is achieved due to the innovations in computer animation, namely Ground FX technology that is an ultra-modern interactive projection. It was used in several supermarkets in Hollywood, and it turned the floor between the shop display shelves into the virtual seabed. 3D Projection is an innovative way of attracting attention by streaming an impressive video onto the surface or the facade of the building. 3D holographic projections are widely used in presentations, festive events, seminars, and in the opening of stores and introduction of product innovations (Chaudhari, Lakhani, and Deulkar 30). It embodies a very effective way of presenting a campaign that promotes goods and services. Interactive Racks at the bar are not commonly used carriers from the point of view of their location. However, they have extra options. In addition to the dynamic 3D design, interactive racks are accompanied by a Smart Menu. It means that, in addition to the entertainment, the racks carry out useful functions. The visitors can order a drink or musical support simply using the Smart Menu feature. Taking that for each client, there is an opportunity to write programs and algorithms under the order. Interactive barracks can be safely counted as internal advertising media that uses three-dimensional graphics. X3D-Video is a relatively new technology developed by X3D-Technologies Corporation (Relke, Klippstein, and Riemann par.1). It was first introduced in 2002 at the high tech conference in the United States. The three-dimensional technology allows the picture to go beyond the screen easily and then go back making an unforgettable experience for people passing by. Its main difference from simple 3D technology is the ability to perceive three-dimensional images without the use of additional means, such as special helmets or 3D glasses. Additionally, the realism of the image is available at a reasonably long distance. Due to the large viewing angle and spatial reproduction technology, the effect is noticeable at a distance of up to one hundred meters that is convenient for presenting goods and services at points of sale. In recent years, this ad technology has been improved dramatically. It is popular in Japan, China, France, Germany, and the USA. It is applied actively in supermarkets, cl ubs, and entertaining shopping centers. Moreover, advertising using X3D-video has spread in the field of computer technology and banking. Free Format Projection is another find of advertising innovations. This Japanese technology creates a sense of the presence of characters or other objects in real size due to the special processing of the image that is subsequently projected onto the surface. Here, the fantasy of the advertiser can be infinite: a virtual girl tries out clothes in the shop window; a huge bottle dances at the entrance to the entertainment center; a can strolls between rows in a supermarket. Nowadays, this technology has been already used by manufacturers of computer and home appliances, luxury clothing in Japan, the United States, and China. Holograms. In 2012, the French lingerie store L’Atelier Empreinte used a non-standard advertisement: a girl in underwear appeared in the shop window at the dark times of the day, then periodically disappeared and arose again (Macleod par.1). Holographic advertising looks very plausible and attracts the attention of the consumer. 3D-Visualization. There are no doubts that people remember things better when they are able not only see or hear, but also touch or make some manipulations. These properties are inherent to the advertising with interactive 3D-model since it represents a volumetric and realistic image of the advertised object. Therefore, while defining three-dimensional computer graphics, it is possible to find out its boundless possibilities in a wide variety of media spheres. The most prominent examples of this technology application pertain to the realm of innovative advertising. The use of three-dimensional means has become particularly productive and justified from a marketing point of view. Often advertising requires the participation of a fictitious character, non-existent in reality and embodying the product. The computer graphics provides this feature. 3D simulation also allows viewing created objects from all sides, including from the inside. One can animate the things to one’s liking, acquainting the potential buyer with a product or service and letting him or her feel like the owner even before the purchase. It ensures a stable emotional contact that enables considering the three-dimensional computer technologies as a leading instrument in interactive advertising projects. The present definition essay sample opens up a comprehensive explanation of the three-dimensional computer graphics phenomenon. The definition essay topic could be considered as strong one since it proposes numerous examples taken from real life. This piece of writing will make the student’s academic headache a completely disappeared matter when approaching this type of work. Chaudhari, Aunsh, Keval Lakhani, and Khushali Deulkar. â€Å"Transforming the World Using Holograms.† International Journal of Computer Applications, 130.1 (2015). â€Å"Diesel Interactive Storefront.† Accessed 31 December 2018. Great House Film (YouTube), 2009. Macleod, Duncan. â€Å"Empreinte L’Atelier Lingerie Hologram.† The Inspiration Room, 2012. Mehrabi, Mostafa, et al. â€Å"Making 3D Work: A Classification of Visual Depth Cues, 3D Display Technologies and Their Applications.† Proceedings of the Fourteenth Australasian User Interface Conference-Volume 139. Australian Computer Society, Inc., 2013. Ramsarran, Renee. â€Å"The Starbucks Interactive Window Display Turns Heads.† Trend Hunter, 2011. Relke, Ingo, Markus Klippstein, and Bernd Riemann. â€Å"Assessment and Improvement of the Stereo-Image Visualization on X3D Technologies 3D Displays.† Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XI. Vol. 5291. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2004.

Americas Inhumanity essays

Americas Inhumanity essays Americas Inhumanity The greatest tragedy is war, but so long as there is mankind, there will be war. -Jomini The Art of War On March 16, 1968, Charlie Company of the Americal Division moved into the hamlet of My Lai and committed one of the most brutal atrocities in the Vietnam War and American history. However much their actions resulted from inherent stresses of the war, their brutal targeting of noncombatants was said to be an exceptional deviation from orders. Some 500 civilians were killed and it was not until a year later, with a letter from Ron Ridenhour, that the Criminal Investigation Division of the US Army checked the validity of the accusation. Then General Peers was asked to head a Commission to determine what happened and who was at fault. Since then, countless attempts have been made to explain how such an atrocity could have occurred. One of the strongest suggests that as an attempt to lift the demoralized spirit after the Tet offensive, the Charlie company platoon leader, Lt. Calley, led a mission to eliminate a Viet Cong stronghold in the vicinity of Son My village. This mi ssion succeeded only in the death of unarmed, innocent men, women, children and babies thus revealing the brutal nature of war. To understand why the My Lai incident happened, one must understand the events leading to it. In 1967 the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation Front (NLF) decided the time had come to launch an all out offensive aimed at the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and US forces. In December of 1967 the North Vietnamese attacked the US marine base at Khe Sanh. General Westmoreland, the commanding US military officer in Vietnam, wanted the outpost at Khe Sanh held at all costs. As a result, 50,000 troops were called to the area thus weakening positions further south. The main thrus...

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time Essay

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time staff context - Essay Example f the employees, businesses realized that motivated employees were likely to present a higher level of performance and commitment (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 49). In the recent past, experts in the field of human resource have been developing theories that govern the maximization of using the human resources. Many strategies have been defined that target to optimize the performance levels of the employees. One of these strategies is offering motivational activities to the employees in a bid to maximize their performance. Tesco is one of the outstanding retail businesses in the globe with branches in different countries and regions. For all the Tesco’s stores to run effectively, the company needs a remarkable number of employees to offer their services (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 60). Tesco has exhibited the interest over the years of ensuring that the use of the human resources is maximized. Therefore, it has defined certain motivational activities with the potential of motivating the employees. It is critical to carry out a survey that seeks to identify the motivational activities used by Tesco and assess their efficiency levels. Notably, Tesco has both permanent and part time staff. Both permanent and part time staff requires the company to develop different motivational strategies for each group. The current study will seek to analyze some of the motivational activities that Tesco provides to its part time staff and their efficiency in increasing employee satisfaction. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. Questionnaires were administered to the selected number of participants from the Tesco expresses in central London area (Miles, Huberman, & SaldanÃŒÆ'a 2014, p.106). The participants were required to fill in the questionnaires while revealing their views on the efficiency of the available motivational activities. Data analysis would follow relying on both mean and standard deviation. Calculation of the satisfaction levels of the employees

Chemical catalyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chemical catalyst - Essay Example Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki for their work on â€Å"palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" which in itself is evidence strong enough to validate the significance of catalysis in the fields of modern science, and particularly in industrial processes. Around 9 billion US Dollars defines the volume of the recent market for catalysts in the Global markets. (Dautzenberg, 2002). ‘Catalysis’ is defined as a phenomenon and ‘catalyst’ is the substance which is responsible for that phenomenon. A Catalyst is a substance which can usually rev up the rate of a chemical reaction but remains unaltered itself (physically and chemically) after the reaction. Sometimes particular substances can also slow down the rate of a chemical reaction. Such type of substances are known as inhibitors (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2011). According to the involvement in the phases, i.e., state of aggregation, catalysts are divided into three broad categories- (i) homogeneous catalyst (ii) heterogeneous catalyst and (iii) biocatalyst [Cavani &Feruccio, 1997; Hagen, 2006]. As the name suggests, homogeneous catalyst implies to the situation where the substrate and the catalyst are in the similar phase (gas or liquid). A very common example of a homogeneous catalysis is the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon- di-oxide catalyzed by nitric oxide where both the substrate and catalyst are in gaseous phase. The fundamental advantages of homogeneous catalysis are that this type of catalysis is atom economic in respect to the other catalysis processes and additionally has higher selectivity in producing the desired product for its milder reaction condition. However, there are disadvantages associated with homogeneous catalysis as well. The problematic regarding homogeneous catalysis is the work up procedure of the reaction . The procedure for catalysis recovery is expensive, there is always a problem of waste management and above all a fair chance of