The Value Proposition of the Volkswagen Company Essay - 1

The Value Proposition of the Volkswagen Company - Essay Example This is the key activity taken by the organization Volkswagen to target clients (Global Strategy for Volkswagen, 2010). The organization has truly wash sed the association based on separation as its methodology. They purchased a similar item in separated structure for a specialty crowd. After the worldwide monetary emergency, the organization has begun concentrating on cost authority so they can give the client a similar item at a superior cost. This is finished remembering the monetary situation over the globe. Experts have believed this to be a move whereby the organization will hamper its image picture which is the company’s greatest resource. The administration of the organization accepts they are not playing with the brand picture they are simply concentrating on smoothing out certain expenses so they can concentrate the got a good deal on improving brand picture and different other special exercises for the brand (Volkswagen Strategies, n.d.). Brand picture is the greate st resource for the organization and has made what Volkswagen is today. For any typical vehicle purchaser, Volkswagen isn't into the thought state. The company’s greatest quality is its image picture which has made by framing an enthusiastic holding with the young people of the world. Clients of Volkswagen are brand faithful as a result of the apparent picture of the brand. It is the passionate holding and relationship with the brand which brings about recurrent deals from the clients. This is the reason relationship advertising turns out to be so significant for Volkswagen. The entire structure of the organization depends on relationship showcasing (Alkhafaji, 1995). Right Relationship with right Customers-Brand Image The goal at Volkswagen has consistently been on having the correct relationship with the correct client portion.

Take This Bread by Sara Miles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Take This Bread by Sara Miles - Essay Example The substance of every single strict content is- - help and do administration to other people. That is the best commendable act. To make deliberate torment others is the best demonstration of transgression. Sara Miles said consequently, without really saying! A genuine Christian is the person who has cross on the neck, yet additionally Christ in the heart. Sara Miles supplicated and performed. Supplication took the runner up in the request for her strict needs and administration involved the primary spot. â€Å"Hunger† is the word that set her reasoning and stimulated her. At the point when she changed over to Christianity at 46 years old, she dislike a little youngster/youth with susceptible brain, open to transplantation of new thoughts. She was an intense individual, experienced in numerous features of life, with solid radical leanings, common scholarly, and by exacting principles of Christianity and Church, not a fit contender for change. In any case, such ‘accidents ’ do occur throughout everyday life, and when it happened it opened for her new vistas of forward push. ‘To feed people’ became, not her perspective on life, however the lifestyle. She was fixated on taking care of individuals. Did she make her very own exceptional brand type Christianity? The response to this inquiry is both yes and no. For nobody conceived on this Planet Earth can decipher what the genuine Christian standards are. What is the specific import of the disclosures of that acknowledged soul, the child God; nobody will ever have the option to understand! Every one sees another skyline and deciphers the Christian standards from the degree of one’s profound movement. Nobody comprehends what is the ideal truth identified with Christianity. At the point when immaculate Christian control isn't known, they continue with the accessible order, feeling that only it is the last truth about Christianity! Heavenly nature and mankind are elective pulsates of a similar heart. On the off chance that you have any uncertainty, study the book, not insignificant read the book, â€Å"Take this Bread† by Sara Miles. They (Divinity and mankind) must run together like the train that speeds on two equal tracks. It resembles the balance of equity. The two arms of the scale are critical to strike the harmony. To give another examination they resemble the two banks of a stream! Sara turned one bit of bread that she ate at fellowship into numerous huge amounts of food supplies and found the new strategic her life. She utilized the special stepped area of the Church where she met her God, Jesus Christ for the reason. Least fortunate pieces of the nation ended up being her journey habitats. Her battle was not common. She came into contact and needed to interface with a heterogeneous segment of the general public, great, terrible and most noticeably terrible. She composes, (2000, xii) â€Å"I needed to battle with my nonbeliever family, my que stioning companions, and the partialities and customs of my freshly discovered church. I found out about the incomparable American embarrassment of the governmental issues of food, the economy of appetite, and the principles of cash. I met criminals, youngster abusers, tycoons, day workers, government officials, schizophrenics, hoodlums, and bishopsâ€all blown into my life through the fretful intensity of a call to take care of individuals, enlarging that I thought as my â€Å"community† in manners that were thrilling, befuddling, and regularly scary.† It is preferred not to give over give with pomposity. As she continued looking for available resources to battle hunger she gives the above depiction of the kinds of individuals she experienced - all

Japanese contemporary art and Korean contemporary art Coursework

Japanese contemporary workmanship and Korean contemporary craftsmanship - Coursework Example The exposition Japanese contemporary craftsmanship and Korean contemporary workmanship presents contemporary workmanship practice in Japan and Korean, looking into their changed properties. The paper likewise endeavors to feature the differing impacts that craftsmanship have on the separate networks. The presentation of religion had an incredible noteworthiness to the Korean aesthetic pictures, and masterful styles were show in the sanctuary advancements, bronze sculptures, representations and exemplified compositions. Additionally, Korea’s physical situation at the junction of East Asia-between its two bigger neighbors, Japan, and China †included a gigantic impact its history and culture and its aesthetic essentials. Korea worked as an outlet among China and Japan for methods of reasoning and speculations and advances that enhanced Koreans imaginative development and aptitudes. Besides, researchers have set up non-uninvolved job of Korea of spreading masterful thoughts a cross to Japan or China, and remembered it diffused culture as well as coordinated it coming about to extraordinary Korean craftsmanship and culture of its own. Japanese craftsmanship covers wide combinations of workmanship styles and media that incorporate old verse, wood and bronze models, silk and paper ink artistic creations, and other sort fine art. Japanese work of art has a rich history of blend and competition between normal Japanese style and usage carried thoughts. Further Japanese figures fundamentally began from the icon worship in Buddhism or animistic customs of Shinto god. Especially.

Internal Revenue Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interior Revenue Service - Essay Example Exceptional standards apply for merchants in protections who are in the matter of purchasing and selling protections for their own record charge (Internal Revenue Service, n.d. b). As per the Internal Revenue Service (n.d. b), to be occupied with business as a merchant in protections, the entirety of the accompanying conditions must be met: The goal of benefitting from day by day showcase developments in the costs of protections and not from profits, intrigue, or capital appreciation. The action must be significant, and Congruity and normality of exchanging movement. Moreover, as per the Internal Revenue Service (n.d. b), the accompanying realities and conditions ought to be considered in deciding whether the action is a protections exchanging business. Commonplace holding periods for protections purchased and sold. The recurrence and dollar measure of exchanges during the year. The degree to which the action adds to the age of salary for a work, and The measure of time committed to the action. Further, a citizen might be a dealer in certain protections and hold different protections for venture. The extraordinary standards for merchants don't have any significant bearing to the protections held for venture. A merchant must keep itemized records to recognize the protections held for venture from the protections in the exchanging industry. The protections held for venture must be recognized as such in the merchant's records on the day the individual in question obtains them (Internal Revenue Service, n.d. b). Both the constraints on capital misfortunes and the wash deal rules keep on applying. Be that as it may, on the off chance that the imprint to-showcase political decision was opportune made, at that point the additions and misfortunes from deals of protections are treated as conventional increases and misfortunes. Further, neither the confinements on capital misfortunes nor the wash deal rules apply to brokers utilizing the imprint to-advertise technique for bookkeeping (Internal Revenue Service, n.d. b).

The 7 Things That Really Look Good on a College Application

The 7 Things That Really Look Good on a College Application SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What looks great on a school application? It’s the inquiry about each secondary school understudy will ask sooner or later while applying to school. Be that as it may, is there an unmistakable answer? Luckily, theanswer is yes! Peruse onto realize what universities search for in candidates, what looks great on a school application, and what sorts of legends there are about beneficial things to put on a school application. What Are Colleges Looking for in Applicants? Everybody applying to school has pondered, What precisely are universities searching for in candidates? at the end of the day, what looks great on a school application? While all universities are extraordinary, obviously, with some esteeming certain characteristics or aptitudes pretty much than different schools, allcolleges for the most part look forsmart, productive, goal-oriented, and energetic understudies. Consequently, your school application ought to underline your best, most noteworthy characteristics. For instance, in the event that you play the violin and need to examine music in school, you’ll need to address this intrigue you have in various regions of your application. A decent school application will likewise feature your genuine enthusiasm for the school.You wouldn’t be applying to a school except if you had motivation to need to go there, right?Make sure to clarify (particularly in the event that you have to compose a Why This College article) precisely how you got intrigued by the school and why you consider it's a decent qualified for you and your objectives. You don’t should be the following Marie Curie or Stephen Hawking (however it absolutely doesn’t hurt in the event that you are!), yet you ought to be available to new chances and ready to challenge yourself. By and large, the fundamental purpose of a school application is to make you stand apart from different candidates in a positive, paramount, and extraordinary way. This reality is particularly significant considering what number of first-year applications schools get each year.According to the 2018 report by the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), the quantity of first-year applications got by US universities expanded by 4% from fall 2016 to fall 2017. The report found that the normal number of uses for every confirmation office staff part (barring regulatory staff) for the Fall 2017 affirmation cycle was 791 for open foundations and 426 for privates. These patterns show that your application will need to leave an enduring impact on the entrance advisory board on the off chance that you want to get into that school. The degree by which you should stand apart from different candidates will rely upon how specific a specific school is.In general, the more particular a school is, the more noteworthy and one of a kind your application should be. At long last, what looks great on an application will differ contingent upon the school and what the school values.For occurrence, at universities that don’t place a major accentuation on state sanctioned tests, a high SAT score likely won’t be quite a bit of a factor in affirmations. This is only a general review of what universities search for in candidates. So what looks great on a school application? Up next, we take a gander at the particular characteristics you ought to endeavor to remember for your application so you can raise your odds of getting acknowledged. What Looks Good on a College Application? 7 Key Elements Notwithstanding key character attributes, for example, desire, energy, veritable intrigue, and scholastic interest, what looks great on a school application? As a rule, an extraordinary application will have most or the entirety of the accompanying components: A high GPA (comparative with what conceded understudies have) and a thorough educational program Solid grades (comparative with what conceded understudies have) A particular, legit, and elegantly composed individual proclamation An exceptional extracurricular intrigue or energy (a spike, as we like to call it) Chipping in involvement in quantifiable effect Convincing letters of suggestion composed for your sake Work understanding, especially employments identified with your scholastic or expert interests It’s OK on the off chance that you don’t have each and every quality recorded above, yet on the off chance that you do, your odds of getting acknowledged to the school you had always wanted will go far up! Presently at that point, let’s investigate every one of these characteristics in more detail. #1: Excellent Grades in Challenging Courses The principal significant piece of the school application is the transcript, which comprises of your GPA and the names and sorts of classes you’ve taken in secondary school. The vast majority accept a high GPA (the meaning of which can fluctuate at various universities) will make an application stronger.And this is valid! As per NACAC, 80.9% of universities positioned reviews in secondary school classes significantly important.In certainty, this factor was positioned the most significant of any in the report. What’s genuinely significant, however, isn’t that you basically have a high GPA by and large yet rather that you have a GPA that is higher than the normal GPA of conceded understudies at the school you're applying to. To discover a school's normal GPA, search [School Name] PrepScholar confirmation necessities on Google and afterward click our database connect to that school.This page will give you what the school's normal GPA is, notwithstanding other affirmation prerequisites. For instance, in the event that you need to apply to Notre Dame, you would scan for Notre Dame PrepScholar confirmation prerequisites and snap the connection to our Notre Dame affirmation reqs page, which resembles this: As should be obvious, Notre Dame's normal (weighted) GPA for conceded candidates is 4.04.As an outcome, in case you're applying here, you’ll need to have a GPA of at any rate 4.04, ideally higher so you will be a better than expected candidate. It’s not just about getting a high GPA, however; you should likewise take a scope of testing courses all through secondary school on the off chance that you truly wish to dazzle a confirmations committee.This implies you’ll need to take essential level classes as well as someAP, respects, and additionally IB courses, especially in subjects you are acceptable at and should keep on concentrating in school or major in. The 2018 NACAC report found that an astounding 80.6% of universities positioned an applicant’s thoroughness of educational plan modestly or extensively significant. Consider it: however an ideal 4.0 may look incredible at an underlying look, on the off chance that you got this high GPA by just taking the least demanding classes accessible and didn’t challenge yourself with more significant level coursework, your transcripts aren’t liable to dazzle school confirmations officials that much. Regardless of whether you began secondary school with lower reviews, an upward grade pattern is an incredible point to stress on your application.This suggeststhat you’re fit for ricocheting once again from any troubles you may confront and are eager to place in the work essential for exceeding expectations in school. #2: High Test Scores Grades, for the most part SAT/ACT scores, are another key piece of school applications (except if, obviously, you’re applying to universities that don’t require test scores). On the NACAC report, 83.1% of universities accept confirmation test scores are in any event reasonably important.This is the reason it’s fundamental that you attempt to get as high a SAT/ACT score as you can, in a perfect world one in at any rate the 75th percentile for your schools. The 75th percentile implies that 75% of conceded understudies at a specific school accomplished this score or lower. Coming to (or surpassing)this edge implies that you’re scoring higher than most other conceded candidates are-and well over that school's normal score. To locate the center half (that is, the 25th and 75th percentile SAT/ACT scores) for a school, scan on Google for [School Name] PrepScholar affirmation requirements.Click the connection to our page for the school to see its prerequisites, including its normal SAT/ACT scores. For instance, say you’re intending to apply to NYU.Here's what the SAT scores area on NYU’s PrepScholar confirmation reqs page resembles: Here, we can see the normal SAT score for NYU is 1410-that’s quite high, in the 95th percentile! To truly stand apart as a candidate, however, you’ll need to focus on in any event the 75th percentile. For NYU, that's1500, whichcorresponds to the 99th percentile, or the top 1% of test takers. Since you’re likely applying to something other than one school, you’ll need to set a SAT/ACT objective score, that is, a score sufficiently high to get you into all the universities you're applying to. To set an objective score, start by making an outline of the considerable number of schools you're applying to.You can make your own diagram or download a clear layout. The following is an example SAT objective score outline: School Name 25th Percentile Score 75th Percentile Score Marquette University College of Wisconsin-Madison Michigan State University College of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Next, look into the 25th and 75th percentile SAT scores for every one of the schools you’re applying to utilizing our PrepScholar confirmation necessities pages. (Follow the means above for NYU to figure out how to do this.) When you have these scores, keep in touch with them in your outline as so: School Name 25th Percentile Score 75th Percentile Score Marquette University 1140 1370 College of Wisconsin-Madison 1280 1470 Michigan State University 1050 1310 College of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1310 1480 Presently, take a gander at all the 75th percentile scores in your chart.The most noteworthy score will be your objective score, as this is the one well on the way to get you into all the schools you’re applying to. With our model graph, the most elevated score is 1480, or the 75th percentile score for the University of Illinois.By getting a 1480 or higher, you’ll be getting a

Is Globalization Positive or Negative - Free Essay Example

F’ Modern Global Studies 22 Name: ___________________ Globalization Reflection Background: We have spent the past week learning about the globalization trend that has changed the political, cultural and economic landscape of the world. Over the course of our discussion we have covered both positive and negative implications for the American worker and student. Task: Write a four paragraph essay reflection on our Globalization mini unit in which you address the following question: Is globalization a positive or negative force for change? Organization: Introduction: Include a few sentences that give background information on globalization †¢ ]gr Thesis statement that answers the question Two body paragraphs: †¢ One paragraph on the positives of globalization †¢ One paragraph on the negatives of globalization †¢ The paragraph that you ultimately agree with should be last. Make sure you prove why globalization is more positive or negative. †¢ Each paragrap h should have a topic sentence. †¢ Each paragraph must be filled with specific facts and details from our course work (articles, textbook, political cartoons). Conclusion: †¢ Restate your thesis statement †¢ Restate your main points that help to prove your thesis This essay is worth 50 points. (Rubric attached) Due date ____________________. |Criteria |Point Value |Teacher Assessment |Comments | |Thesis is clear and responds directly to the |5 | | | |question. | | | |Student answers question appropriately and |5 | | | |comprehensively. The content is appropriate to | | | | |the task and effectively proves the students’ | | | | |thesis. | | | |Each body paragraph provides arguments and |25 | | | |evidence that is supported with class material. | | | | |Student has original thoughts and clearly | | | | |articulates ideas. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Organization enhances main ideas. Supporting |5 | | | |information is presented logically with no | | | | |extraneous details. Transitions are smooth. | | | | |The writing flows well. Strong and specific words|10 | | | |are used to convey meaning. Proofreading is | | | | |thorough. Correct spelling and punctuation | | | | |throughout. | | | | | | | | | Total Grade: Is globalization positive or negative force for change? Globalization is the sharing or progression of goods, ideas, and powers among the world which leads to interpendence and interconnection. In my opinion, I think that globalization is a positive force for change. My reasons are because technology has improved and will keep improving. I feel that the international government is a positive force for change because it will keep the world under control. I also think that the global economy will become stronger due to worldwide buying and selling. Lastly, I feel that the spreading of cultures might be a negative force for change. There are some negative details in this process, too. First of all , in culture the negative force is that traditions and cultures are diffusing. This means that different traditions and cultures are fading, but it can end up being a positive force because different cultures and traditions are able to interact with one another. Another negative thing is outsourcing. Some people in one country are losing jobs. But if you think about, it just means that people in another country are earning a job and they are probably even working for less money. I think that that globalization is a positive force for change. I think this because technology has definitely improved and is still improving. For one thing, Communication has gotten much better. Back in the day, there was no such thing as a computer or even a cellphone. If you had a telephone back then, you were considered a smarter, high class person. But now in the modern days, people across the globe can communicate easily. If you needed computer support, you would just call a toll free number and you would probably be talking to somebody on the other end of the world. Also, medicines have improved which have stopped diseases from spreading and from people getting sick. Another reason why I think that globalization is a positive force for change is because the international government has gotten much stricter and in order. For example, there is The United Nations. The United Nations keeps the world under control and helps to prevent wars with other countries. There is also the Security Council. The Security Council is made up of thirteen seats. Five of those seats will never change. These five countries are the USA, Russia, China, England, and France. The other seven countries rotate. Their job is very powerful. If one country doesn’t want something to happen, the all the country has to say is no and the process will stop. My last reason why I think globalization is a positive force for change is because it will help the world economically. First of all, new jobs a re being created. This is because new businesses and companies are being created causing more people to get a job. There is also global trade which allows for cheaper goods. There is also free trade so that different countries can import and export different products. There are different opinions for whether or not globalization is a positive or negative force for change. Don’t you think that the new technologies and medicines we have are helping the people in this world? It makes life so much easier. Also, I feel that the government is much better internationally. You don’t really hear too much about countries invading other countries. Also there is much more peace in this world than there was a few hundred years ago. T The economic world has really improved and it has allowed for better things to go on in the world. Many jobs are being created and there is now free trade making it easier to import and export. Overall, Globalization is definitely a positive force f or change. .

Technical Proposal Template

Any technical innovator should introduce his/her ideas to a company in the form of technical proposal template in order to further develop the product on the market. Any idea should be realized and rendered in the coherent and logical way to convey the primary message and draw attention from the enterprise. Therefore, when constructing technical proposal template, one needs to state the purpose in a clear way mentioning such critical sections as the description of the product, technical characteristics, and its applicability. Introduction The project proposal involves the necessary information about the particular research work that is significant for sponsors who use it to assess the project and make a decision about its funding. It is usually written in the early stage of the project planning before the concrete decisions are taken, and financing is attributed. Proposals can be divided into internal ones that exist within the enterprise or external that are constructed outside the company from one enterprise to another one. They also vary in form since some are organized for businesses whereas others — for non-governmental organizations or college. The example of technical proposal template is introduced below implying the project that focuses on the new invention and means of its promotion to market. Structure Name of Enterprise In this section, a person, team of innovators, or small enterprise should introduce oneselves including educational background and professional skills. The subjects are needed to draw company’s attention highlighting some important features to create good scenario. In this respect, the innovators should show their candidacy from the best perspective to make investors interested in the innovation. Description of the Product In this phase, a person or group of people are required to describe the product, its characteristics, and overview. It is significant to show the best traits of the product and its uniqueness to grab the potential investors. One needs to render personal vision to the target audience and appeal to the reader based on solid analysis of the product. Applicability of the Product In this stage, the inventor designates the exact details of the product keeping the readers in suspense. One should get the reader’s interest emphasizing the inner traits of the product and keep her/his focus. The person promoting the product should show its benefits and demonstrate which problem or challenge the product can solve. It is significant to indicate why this innovation is necessary and useful nowadays. Style and Submitting the Proposal When writing the proposal, the subject usually represents some technical data that may be not understandable for the ordinary customers. Therefore, one should describe technical traits in the concise and accurate way to show the good organization of the project. It is essential to apply the technical terminology when it is required; otherwise, the abundance of complicated technical terms can confuse the reader. At the same, the innovator should not simplify the style and reach comprehension with the recipient using the appropriate style of language. What is more, when submitting the proposal, one needs to check whether the report is written based on guidelines. One is also required to protect the invention and maintain technicality in order not to be rejected by the company. 4.00 avg. rating (86% score) - 1 vote

Analyzing the Surprise Ending in Descartes Discourse on...

Surprise Ending in Descartes In the book Discourses on the Method and the Meditations, author Rene Descartes famously questions the existence of humanity. His most famous quotation, the one for whom he is most remembered is I think therefore I am (Descartes 11). According to this idea, so long as a being has the ability to think then they existed. Animals have brains and therefore they must exist. In order to truly, exist, to be a thinking entity, a person or organism must utilize the ability granted to them by their mind. This is the focus of much of this text, the nature of existence and the line between what is true and what we only imagine or perceive to be true. For the majority of the text, the philosopher asks questions in trying to formulate his own identity and indeed whether or not he existed as all. It would be assumed that the end of the book would be a conclusion of this internal dialogue where Descartes definitively states his position on human existence. However, Descartes instead devotes the end of the text to a wholly new concept: namely he applies the question of existence to a being above humanity. At the end of the text, instead of continuing on with these questions Descartes instead discusses the idea of God and whether or not He exists. At the time of the Royal Society which Descartes was a member of, the researchers and philosophers were trying to understand everything about the world, something which actually is impossible to do. Renee DescartesShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagestranslate Greimas s concept of actant is misleading and actant is usually kept (see Ducrà ´t and Todorov, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979, p. 224), and discours image when translated as image discourse is not very clear, since it is referring to film, which is made up of images. The following rough spots occur only once each: Unusual (p. 5) translates weakly insolite, which has also the connotation of strange, disquieting, surprising, unexpected

Core Characteristics of the Corporate Social Responsibility at Hennes and Mauritz Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The key stakeholders that H M is responsible for our customer, employees, suppliers, shareholders, the local communities, and the government. These stakeholders are crucial for the success of the company. For instance, customers provide the revenues, employees provide the production skills and shareholders provide the capital. All the stakeholders are important but there are some, which are more important than others. H M could use the salient model to prioritize its stakeholders as follows: legitimacy, power, and urgency. Legitimacy is concerned with whether; H M s activities conform to the relevant social norms. It also takes into account fund providers, the controller of the required assets for the project and who is influenced by the project. Financiers should fall under legitimacy since they provide funds. Customers and society also fall under the category since they are influenced by the project. Power is concerned with the stakeholders who impose their will on others. The financiers and shareholders fall under the category since they demand that managers meet their interests. Last, urgency is concerned with the importance and the urgency of stakeholder s demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Characteristics of the Corporate Social Responsibility at Hennes and Mauritz or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page On that note, H M has made steps to improve the welfare of its employees, customer, shareholders, and society.

I Am A Guinea Pig Of Sorts - 1370 Words

As humans we create a certain image of ourselves , we are aware of who we are and measure our own worth. It s called self-concept, it is one of the most influential parts of our personality it helps us create the present and future way we will act. One of the most common ways we do this is through the self-fulfilling prophecy. For this essay I became a guinea pig of sorts and experimented with this idea. Even before I took the rosenberg s Self esteem test I knew for a fact that I suffer from low self esteem. My sever depression, anxiety and several psychologists can attest to that. Another thing I knew for a fact is that faux positive self talk and notes wasn t going to help me, Rejecting the idea before even doing the experiment probably altered my end results but it did prove that I like most others also go through self fulfilling prophecies. It also made me realize i have a very negative outlook on life, that i usually blame on my lack of serotonin. I understand that I have full power over the way I feel about myself, sometimes i think that i use my mental illnesses as handicaps for my low self esteem. I hear it often enough to know that Self esteem comes from within and one must work on developing a positive view of themselves so that they have confidence in their own value and not depend on external forces to feel a sense of worth. I realize that i skimmed over what a self fulfilling prophecy is that is because I wanted to explain it to the best of my abilities. AShow MoreRelatedDo Objects Make Us882 Words   |  4 PagesDo Objects Make Us? Many people in todays society are distressed greatly with ones rank in the social hierarchy; material possessions of all sorts seem to construct, shape, and style the lives of consumers all over the world. Consumers all over the world are becoming more and more demanding as more and more is being advertised. Many companies, such as Apple, often advertise months in advance for products creating commotion, attentiveness, and desire among the world. Stores, such as Old Navy,Read MoreDont Ask Dont Tell Outline Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy and give a brief history of events. Central idea: According to my class survey the majority had little or no knowledge of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy, so I am going to explain how it came to be. Introduction I.Fundamental beliefs A.Military Service Workers 1.Honorable 2.Courageous B. Service Members Turned Away 1.Openly gay 2.Ended careers of over 11,000 service members II.By listening to a briefRead MoreA Short Note On The Testing Phase ( Beta ) Of Software Or Hardware1111 Words   |  5 Pagescrying himself to sleep. Ok it’s probably not that bad but you get the idea It.’s actually the much anticipated Oculus Rift Headgear that will be coming out soon. 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Seeing everything come out right and knowing that I haven’t made a mistake, leaves me with an almost euphoric sense of satisfactionRead MoreGi Jane Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdesk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seals are the militarys elite Special Forces team. O Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking ONeal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal. ONeal is put through a series of tests and her main obstacle is Master ChiefRead MorePersuasive Speech : A Dog s Eyes 1579 Words   |  7 Pagespersuade. Specific Goal: At the end of my speech, I want the audience who want to get a pet now or in the future to adopt instead of buy from a store or a mill. Proposition Statement: Euthanization and over impregnated dogs can be lowered if people are more informed about pet stores and mills, and adopt making room for more animals to go through the rescue and shelters. Introduction (Attention Step) Attention Getter: Whenever I look into my dog’s eyes, I could never believe that she was once in an awfulRead More Gi Jane Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary desk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O’ Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seal’s are the military’s elite Special Forces team. O’ Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking O’Neal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal. 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Oliver Twist By Charles Dickens Essay - 1736 Words

Introduction From the end of the eighteenth century to the start of the nineteenth century, London was a city with a high wrongdoing rate. From 1745 to 1820, there were 115,000 individuals who made their living by theft, prostitution, cheat and other criminal acts. It is terrible when we realize that the aggregate populace of London around then was only 960,000. Probably there was no other author in Victoria time that had such an in number worry about wrongdoing, and fused such a great amount of depiction of wrongdoing in his functions as Charles Dickens (1812- 1870) did. Oliver Twist was the second novel of Dickens distributed in a serial structure in a magazine titled BentleyÊ ¼s Miscellany run independent from anyone else from February 1837 to April 1839 when Dickens was still a columnist. In England, from the 1830s to the 1840s, a lot of wrongdoing books were distributed. Oliver Twist was composed simply During that period. Most faultfinders and book commentators of Dickens lifetime based their surveys of Oliver Twist on one standard: how reasonable this novel was. Particularly, depictions of a group of lawbreakers in London in this novel pulled in consideration and were the engaging point for quite a while. Oliver Twist builds associations between the criminal characters themselves and additionally this present reality conditions which motivated their generalizations. The states of destitution and an absence of family being fixed to culpability are establishedShow MoreRelatedOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1535 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens, the author of Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812 in Landport, England, and then died on June 9th, 1870 in Kent, England. In his 58 years of life he made a collection of books that are still famous today; although it was not until 1836 that he started to come to fame when he published The Pickwick Papers. 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Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essay Example For Students

Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essay Power, Propoganda in Communist ChinaPropaganda in China during the Cultural Revolution took on many forms; there were mass Red Guard demonstrations in Tianamen Square in support of Mao Zedong, pictures of Mao were put up in every conceivable location from restaurants to the wallpaper in nurseries, and pamphlets and books of Maos teachings were distributed to every Chinese citizen. One of these propaganda publications Quotations from Chairman Mao which later became known as the Little Red Book contained quotes from Mao Zedong and was distributed to every Chinese citizen. The history of the Red Book provides one of the best ways in which to analyze Chinese propaganda during the Cultural Revolution and see the ways in which the Chinese government was able to produce and effectively indoctrinate the Chinese people with Mao Zedong Thought. Official Chinese magazines from the period of 1967 to 1970 are filled with many pictures of citizens holding, reading, and memorizing the Red Book. Thi s proposal will trace the rise and fall of images of the Red Book in the official Chinese publication China Reconstructs. This proposal will use a graphical analysis of pictures in this publication from 1966 to 1973 to show that propaganda was not just a tool of the Communist party but also a reflection of internal power struggles within the party during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Book was written several years before it became the object of national adoration and a tool for the Cultivation of Maos personality Cult. The history of the Red Book and its meteoric rise from a hand book for military recruits to compulsory reading for all Chinese citizens, is closely tied to its developer Lin Biaos rise to power. Lin Biao was born in 1907 and was fourteen years younger then Mao; he joined the communist party in 1925 and until the communists captured control of China was at various times in charge of resiezce forces, and armies of communist soldiers. When the communists took control in 1949 Lin Biao was behind Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, and Deng Xiaoping in rank (Yan and Gao, 1996: 179). But eighteen years later during the height of the Cultural Revolution Lin Biao by winning favor with Mao by publishing and championing the Red Book and the Cult of Mao became second only to the Chairman in power and position (Ming-Le, 1983: 80). In 1959 Peng Dehua was dismissed as minister of defense and Lin Biao was appointed in his place. At an armed forces meeting for high cadres during September of that year Lin Biao, energetically started promoting the Cult of Mao saying, Learning the writings of comrade Mao Zedong is the shortcut to learning Marxism-Leninism. Chairman Maos writings are easy to learn and can be put to use immediately. Diligent work will pay dividends many fold. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) His references to shortcut and quick dividends in his speech went unnoticed at the time as few foresaw the effects of creating aCult around Mao. But looking back on the Cultural Revolution and Lin Biao, we can see his using the Cult of Mao was indeed a shortcut that produced huge dividends both for himself and for Mao. Mao to the Chinese people was a symbol sovereignty and the construction of socialism; to them praise for Mao was fitting with his symbolic role in society. Starting in 1959 Lin Biao in front of military au diences in order to help buildup support for the Cult of Mao used such phrases as, the dire necessity of acquiring Mao Zedongs thought, to study the writings of Mao Zedong with questions in mind is to shoot arrows with target in sight, we must arm our minds with Mao Zedongs thought (Yan an Gao, 1996: 181). Lin Biaos goal of building up both himself and the Cult of Mao lead him in September of 1960 to pass a resolution at the meeting of the Military Commission, which called for more political education among the armed forces (Yan and Gao, 1996: 181)Mao Zedong Thought is the compass for the Chinese peoplesrevolution and socialist construction, the powerful ideological weapon against imperialism, and the powerful ideological weapon against revisionism and dogmatism.. raise high the red banner of Mao Zedong Thought, go further and mobilize the minds of all officers and soldiers with Mao Zedong Thought, and resolve to make sure that Mao Zedong Thought, and resolve to make sure that Mao Z edong Thought is in command in all phases of work Really learn by heart the Mao Zedong Thought! Read Chairman Maos books, listen to Chairman Maos words, follow Chairman Maos directives, andserve as Chairman Maos good soldiers!Shortly after the passage of the resolution by Lin Biao, the fourth volume of the selected works of Mao Zedong was published. On the occasion of it being sold to the public Lin Biao wrote an article calling upon all people in the military to read and study the works of Chairman Mao and dedicate to memory Mao Zedong Thought (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). On April 1964 Lin Biao direct the military presses to publish a selection of quotes from Mao in a Little Red Book. The book titled Quotations From Chairman Mao was aimed at providing military recruits a shortened version of Maoist thought (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). Military recruits before the publication of the Red Book were encouraged to study the Selected Works of Mao Zedong. But this set of books had grown so large (its four volumes contained over fifteen hundred pages) many of the militarys recruits who were from peasant backgrounds were unable to read its complicated articles. The Little Red Book in contrast with its hand picked quotes and introduction by Lin Biao was short with easy to read quotes. Before the publishing of the Red Book the study of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong greatly increased in the military this was in large part due to the encouragement and directives issued by Lin Biao. In 1961 Lin Biao while inspecting a contingent of troops said that the works of Ch airman Mao Zedong, were a guide to those in the military, Every lesson in political education must use the works of Chairman Mao Zedong as an ideological guide. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183) Lin Biao also directed the military press to publish sections from the Red Book in the Liberation Army Daily the official publication of the PLA (Peoples Liberation Army). The Red Book provided many of the military recruits who were mostly uneducated peasants with a grounding inMaoist thought. The quotes selected in the Red Book such as, Carry on the workers struggle, down with rightist revisionism were sufficient vague as to allow recruits to draw from the Red Book what they wanted to. Lin Biaos efforts to promote the study of Maoist thought were done to win favor with Mao and increase his position in the party (Tsou, 1986: 49). Lin Biaos cultivation of the Cult of Mao Zedong soon earned him Maos notice. During a meeting in 1961 Mao applauded Lin Biaos work in the armed forces saying, Recently com rade Lin Biao inspected the forces as far down as the company level and showed underezding of a good many things, including the problems of construction among our forces, and he made very good suggestions about various tasks of construction. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) Lin Biao feeling that his workat publicizing Maos teachings was paying off redoubled his efforts at promoting Mao Zedong Thought. He insisted that quotes from Mao Zedong could be used to accomplish tasks within the military and made the Red Book required reading for all in the military (Tsou, 1986:50). In January of 1962 the Part Central held an enlarged work session called a seven thousand person meeting. This meeting was aimed at rectifying the mistakes of The Great Leap Forward, and to promote the economy. A large majority at the meeting criticized Mao Zedong; but Lin Biao who believed that his future was inextricably linked to that of Mao gave one of the lone speeches in support of Mao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182). Lin Biao said at the conference that the reason The Great Leap Forward had not a success was because the dictates of Chairman Mao had not been followed closely enough. After the economy started to improve in 1963 and Mao gained back wide support Mao looked back and remembered that Lin Biao was one of the few who had stood by him and did not criticize him during the Party Central meeting. This event shows how Lin Biao was a shrewd political thinker who saw that his future was connected with that of Mao and winning Maos approval. By 1962 Lin Biaos chief tool at achieving this objective was the promotion of Mao Zedong Thought (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 63). After May of 1961 the Liberation Army Daily followed Lin Biaos directive and printed selections from the SelectedWorks of Mao Zedong. By May of 1964 with a further directive from Lin Biao the general publication department of the Liberation Army, edited and published the Red Book accompanied by the publication of the selected reader of the workers of Mao suggested by Lin Biao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). The Red Book had an inscription on its cover written in calligraphy by Lin Biao that read, Study Chairmen Maos writings, follow his teachings, and act accordingly (Kraus, 1991: 109). The fact that the inscription on the Red Book was in Lin Biaos handwriting was significant in that it symbolized the connection between the Red Book, Lin Biao, and the Cult of Mao. Both of these publications were published in large quantities and distributedamong the armed forces. There now was a fervor for the studying of works by Mao in military ranks, illiterate soldiers were able to recite long passages from memory and military troops studied the Red Book during their breaks. With such a backdrop Lin Biao recognized that the time was right for increasing his position within the party. The cultivation of the Cult of Mao had support from Mao Zedong and when he started the Cultural Revolution in August of 1966 Mao saw that Lin Biaos thought education in the military could be applied to the whole nation (Rodzinski, 1988:96). The period before the Cultural Revolution provides some very important insights into the development of the Red Book and of Lin Biaos connection to the Red Book. In the period before August of 1966 the Red Book was not read by those outside of the military. A graphical analysis of pictures before 1967 shows that the Red Book was not a widely used method of propaganda as it did not appear in many pictures and the pictures it did appear in were of soldiers in the PLA. Although studying Maoist thought was important during the period prior to the Cultural Revolution in society as a whole it was not veryimportant. There are several reasons: First, there was no reason to Cultivate the Cult of Mao Zedong Thought during this time, Mao prior to 1966 was not trying to lead any mass movements in which he would need popular support. The Great Leap Forward and the anti-rightist campaigns came during times in w hich Mao was powerful within the party so he did not need wide spread support outside of the central command. Second, Mao prior to the Cultural Revolution was more interested in promoting communist economics then ideology. Mao promoted The Great Leap Forward which was not a ideological campaign but instead an economic campaign to promote industrialization (Rodzinski, 1988:74). And in the period from 1961 to 1965 Mao was chiefly concerned with getting the economy back on track following the disastrous Great Leap Forward. But by 1966 the economy of China was back on track and Mao had once more gained back the support of the central leaders of the communist party. The Cultural Revolution launched in 1966 lasted depending on the author until 1971 or 1976 and was initiated by Mao Zedong to renew the spirit of the Chinese Revolution. Fearing that China would develop along the lines of the Soviet model and concerned about his own place in history, Mao threw China into turmoil in a monumen tal effort to reverse what Mao saw as a rightist movement within China. During the 1960s tensions with Russia increased and Mao became convinced that the Russian Revolution had stalled and become rightist, Mao feared that China was following the same path (Yan and Gao, 1996: 7). Mao theorized that to keep China from becoming social stratified and elitist the process of continuos revolution had to be initiated by the government. To Mao the Cultural Revolution that he initiated had four goals: to replace party members with leaders more faithful to his thinking; to reenergize the Chinese Communist party and Purge the rightists; to provide Chinas youth with a revolutionary experience; and to change society such that specific systems such as education, healthcare, and cultural systems such as opera and musicbecame less elitist (Mitchell and Kua, 1975: 465). Mao launched the Cultural Revolution at the Eleventh Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee in August 1966. In the following weeks Mao shut down the schools in order to allow young people to take part in the revolution (Mitchell and Kua, 1975: xii). Mao also established a national mobilization of the countries youth. They were organized into Red Guard groups and encouraged to attack all tradition values, symbols, and leaders who were rightist or bourgeois. Mao believed that the attacks would both provide the youth with a revolutionary experience thus continuing the cycle of continuos revolution and theywould strengthen the party by removing the rightist elements. Mao also saw the Cultural Revolution as a way to strengthen his own political base because the Red Guards acted to remove all who opposed Mao Zedong. The movement quickly escalated; intellectuals party officials, teachers, and the elderly were both physically attacked and verbally abused made to wear dunce caps in the streets and to denounce themselves. Temples, restaurants, and all signs of old values were ransacked by the Red Guard youths. The Cultu ral revolution put middle school and high school students in charge of the nation and like a version of Lord of the Flies the nation fell into anarchy and paralysis The Cultural Revolution also lead to changes within the structure of the communist party. Before the Cultural RevolutionLiu Shaoqi was Mao Zedongs designated successor, but during the early stages of the Cultural Revolution Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping and many others who Mao deemed as being rightists were removed from the party. In their place Mao installed those who had been most loyal to him in the past; one of those men was Lin Biao (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 80). ..Mao rightly saw that the best way to provide both direction for the Red Guards and to make himself immune from their attacks upon party official would be to foster a personality Cult. Thus under the guidance of Lin Biao who after Liu Shaoqi was removed; become the successor to Mao Lin Biao helped foster a personality Cult for Mao. Lin Biao used the same types of techniques that he used in the army to help foster this Cult of Mao. Lin Biao used the same organization to disseminate propaganda that he had devised for the Army. Lin Biao continued to head the army till his death in 1971 but his role wasexpanded as he became the high priest of the Cult of Mao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 334). The reading of the Red Book was encouraged by both Mao, party directives written by Lin Biao, Chen Boda, and Kang Sheng who during the Cultural Revolution became Maos closest advisors. All three of these advisors worked tirelessly to promote the Cult of Mao because they saw it as their way to curry favor with Mao Zedong and their efforts met with whole hearted approval. Mao in an interview near the end of the Cultural Revolution commented that Krushchev could have avoided loosing his power if he had created an appropriate Cult for himself (Yan and Gao, 1996: 313). Mao relied on the power of propaganda to enlarge his Cult during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Boo k became his most powerful weapon. Quotations from the Red Book replaced the usual front page section entitled todays important news in the Peoples Daily. Various other newspapers and journals increased their coverage of Mao Zedong printing his speeches, pictures, and quotes. Some even retold stories of his days fighting the Japanese and the KMT (Yan and Gao, 1996: 215). The major newspapers in June of 1966 started writing editorials and stories encouraging the public to study the thought of Chairman Mao by reading . On June 6 both the Liberation Army Daily and the Peoples Daily simultaneously published a front page article calling on the Chinese people to study Mao Zedong Thought and reading Selected Works of Mao Zedong. The headline read, Raise high the Great Red Flag of Mao Zedong, Carry to the end the great proletariat revolution. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 215) It was no coincidence that the Liberation Army Daily and the Peoples Daily both carried the same story about increasing Mao Z edong thought study. It symbolized the rise in power of Lin Biao who with the start of the Cultural Revolution and the expulsion of Liu Shaoqi had increased his power within the communist party. Lin Biaos ideas of education and indoctrination into Maoist thought had with the publishing of the story in the Peoples Daily in June of 1966 moved from the army to all of China. From this point on until he lost favor with Mao in 1970 Lin Biao became the cheerleader of the Cult of Mao directing the national frenzy that enveloped China with its adoration of Mao Zedong (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 80). Under the leadership of Lin Biao the leading newspapers in China printed stories urging readers to read the works of Mao. As of yet the only books available to the public was the four volume long Selected Works of Mao Zedong; the Red Book had not yet become available to the pubic. In the fall of 1966 the Peoples Daily published such headlines as, Mao Zedong thought is the red sun within our bosom, and stories in newspapers were filled with such lines as, Chairman Maos books are not gold, but are more precious then gold; not steel, but stronger then steel. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183) Picturesfrom this time depicted happy Chinese citizens reading pamphlets by Mao such as the, Man Who Moved The Mountain. But as of yet the number of pictures in 1966 that pictured Red Books was limited and only included members of the armed forces. But the stories in the newspapers and other propaganda put out by the government such as radio broadcasts stirred up a great fever in support of Mao and the study of Mao Zedong Thought. On August 12 following the Eleventh Plenum of the Eighth party congress copies of The Selected Works of Mao Zedong were distributed at major universities before they wereshut down to prepare for the Cultural Revolution. During the rest of 1966 newspapers reported daily on the sale on The Selected Works of Mao Zedong. The government lowered the price of the set of books to two yuan so that every person could posses a copy of the Selected Works. Sales were brisk then starting in January of 1967 Lin Biao made Quotations From Chairman Mao available to the public. Everyone immediately wanted to buy it. Group study sessions of the bookbecame common. At many Red Guard rallies during the next several years Red Guard troops set whole pages of the book to song (Yan and Gao, 1996: 248). Lin Biao ordered the presses of China to print millions of copies of the Red Book and distribute them to the public. The Chinese media encouraged the reading of the Red Book by printing stories extolling the virtues of those who committed the book to memory. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 249) Granny Liu spent days and nights studying the works of Chairman Mao. When she forgot, she called other to teach her. Granddaughter Yuhzen slept with her and would thus be awakened ten times a night. Even though the granddaughter could not sleep well, Granny Liu would say endearingly to her, Yuhzen, o ne more word you can teach granny is one more measure of loyalty to Chairman Mao and one more bullet for Liu Shaoqi..Granny Liu also eagerly disseminated Mao Zedong Thought. For more than sixty years she, had not known how to sing. Now, learning from her daughter and granddaughter, she sang every where.Proudly Granny Liu said, This old women cant really handle a tune. But what I sing is my feeling for Chairman Mao. When I disseminate Mao Zedong Thought, the more I sing the younger I get.Thus from January of 1967 to Lin Biaos death and the end of the Cultural Revolution everyone in China it seemed wanted to be a Granny Liu; a person who worked for the greater glory of Mao Zedong and China. The Red Book provided the Chinese people both with a basic although cryptic introduction to Maoist thought and it also provided them with a connection to their leader. Lin Biao was able to successfully indoctrinate the entire nation not just in an idolization of Mao but also in a frenzied s tudying of his quotes. The period from 1966 to 1971 is marked by Chinese publications filled with pictures of Chinese citizens studying theRed Books on communes, in fields, in classrooms, at rallies, and at ad-hoc study groups that met from along the Pearl River in the south of China to the plains of Tibet. The number of pictures in China Reconstructs of people holding Mao books increased from just a trickle prior to 1967 to almost fifty percent of all at the Height of the Cultural Revolution. Along with this upward trend in the number of Mao books was an increasing number of flattering articles about Lin Biao. One article in 1968 called him both a valiant fighter for the revolution and a loyal follower of Mao. The irony of this quote was probably missed by most readers at the time but looking back it was Lin Biao who created the Cult of Mao to further his own goals within the communist party and not Lin Biaos goals of helping Mao. The percentage of pictures of the Red Book and art icles about Lin Biao during this time reflected not just the frenzy over the Cult of Mao in China but also the power of Lin Biao it was through his work that the Red Book became a talisman for the Chinese people. Chinese citizens read the Red Book because of the appeal and aura that surrounded it. The Red Book connected individual Chinese citizens with their leader. It enabled the average citizen who would never meet Mao in their lifetime to possess a piece of him and his words. During the Cultural Revolution Mao became a god in the eyes of the Chinese people no criticism of him could be tolerated, nor the slightest deviation from his instruction permitted. Every word he uttered was taken as truth he became in effect a living Buddha, and like Buddha his writings became like sutras. His quotes like passages from the sutras were memorized, chanted, set to song, and reproduced on billboards and on the beams of houses. (Rodzinski, 1988:121) The Red Book became during the Cultural Revolu tion a holy sutra carried by every citizen everywhere and studied endlessly. Some would say that the Red Book became the bible of the Cultural Revolution but this theory has several flaws. First, if this is true then the Mao would be the Jesus Christ of his time, but Mao unlike Jesus reached unquestioned power during his lifetime and unlike Jesus had no one above him; Mao was god not the son of god in China. Second, the Red Book is not parallel to the bible in its symbolism. The bible is not committed to memory by most Christians unlike the sutras whichBuddhists learn long passages from. Mao followed in the footsteps of the Buddhist framework of religious organization. Under the Cultural Revolution Buddhism and Confucianism were wiped out, Red Guards destroyed Buddhist temples and tortured monks; but in this religious vacuum Mao placed himself as Buddha and his writings as Sutras. The Red Book during the Cultural Revolution provided a semblance of structure and unity in the chaos o f the time. Even though rival Red Guard factions frequently clashed and the nation was thrown into turmoil the Red Book acted as a bond between the Chinese; they were all followers of Mao even as their nation dissolved into anarchy. The Red Book provided a framework in which for people to criticize others and also a bond between citizens, the party, Red Guards, and Mao. The study of the Red Book also provided a de-facto type of education while the schools were shut down. People learned to readin study groups while learning the Red Books quotes. In these ways the Red Book was valuable in that it created a type oforder out of the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. One of the fascinating things about the Red Book was that nearly ever Chinese citizen possessed one but only a few of them could read it. This was one of the things that made the Red Book so popular was that it created with the idea that the Chinese populace was educated while many remained illiterate. This was one of the re ason study groups were formed; so that a reader could read the Red Book to a group of illiterate peasants who would then memorize long passages so that they could feign literacy. In many places all other books but those by Chairman Mao were banned. Reading in Chinese society was heldin high esteem even under communism and the idea of each citizen being a scholar was an appealing idea to both the peasants and served the purposes of Lin Biao who saw that the more widely the Cult of Mao and Mao Zedong Thought was spread the more his power would increase. But by 1970 the end of the Cultural Revolution had begun. Many within the party believed the Cultural Revolution had gone to far, destroyed to much, and were scared that they would become the next party member to be openly criticized by Red Guards. Lin Biaos success in promoting the teachings of Mao made him the successor to Mao starting in August of 1966 but his role was formalized in at the Ninth Party Congress convened in April of 1969 (Ming-Le, 1983: 49). After this Lin Biao tightened the grip of the military on Chinese Society. Lin Biao maneuvered to take advantage of the Sino-Soviet Border clashes in the spring of 1969 to declare martial law. Lin Biao quickly encountered opposition to his growing power. Mao himself became concerned about what he saw as a successor to eager to assume power, and starting in the fall of 1970 Mao maneuvered to limit the power of Lin Biao (Ming-Le, 1983: 47-52). In August of 1970 a national conference was held called the Second Plenum which was a conference of people chosen at the 1969 national conference to decide national policy. The Second Plenum was held in Lushan and chaired by Mao Zedong. At this conference Lin Biao maneuvered to make himself president of the republic. His clique of followers which included Chen Boda circulated such statements as, Lin Biao is an uncommon genius he is one of the great teachers like Marx,and Lenin and Mao (Ming-Le, 1983: 50) Lin Biao saw t hat holding the office of the presidency which became vacant after the death Liu Shaoqi in 1969 was a tool by which he could assume control over China and fulfill his lifetime ambition. On August 25, 1970 Mao convened the conference and upon hearing of Lin Biaos plan destroyed it in a matter of two days. Mao did this in three ways. First, he sentenced Chen Boda to self-examination, this was a clear warning to Lin Biao to stop his grab for power. Second, Mao threatened the members of the conference by saying that he would leave if they brought up the issueof the presidency. Third, Mao wrote in a public letter called, Some Views of Mine, a criticism of those who claim but do not really underezd Marxism. This letter was clearly speaking about Lin Biao although it did not say so directly. The conference at Lushan was a turning point for Lin Biao is symbolized his fall from the graces of Mao because of what Mao perceived as his impatience to become president. Mao was able to effectively eliminate Lin Biao as a threat by joining forces with Zhou Enlai and by isolating Lin Biaos assiezt Chen Boda. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 309) By January of 1971 Lin Biao was no longer in Maos clique of advisors and Mao further diezced himself from Lin Biao and his work at creating a cult of Mao by saying in December of 1970 that he felt the cult created around him had grown to large (Yan and Gao, 1996: 313), what happened between then and Lin Biaos death in September of the year is the object of much speculation. The official Chinese governments story is that Lin Biao died on September 13, 1971, in an airplane crash in Mongolia as he was fleeing to the Soviet Union after having plotted unsuccessfully to overthrow Mao. According to this account during the whole of 1971 Lin Biao was organizing a coup among military officers. This account is very much in doubt and their is much speculation that Lin Biao after falling out of favor with the party leadership was assassinated by communist party (Ming-Le, 1983:228). This has been reinforced by Mongolian reports in 1990 that say that Lin Biao a was not on the plane that crashed in 1971. Alexander the Great Arriving in Persepolis Essay*** Please see the rest of this paper and the bibliography at ****** http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~dberger/papers/t1.htm ***

Chain Management of Pharmaceutical Companies-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Global Logistics and supply Chain Management of Pharmaceutical Companies. Answer: Introduction The report discusses the strategies followed by pharmaceutical companies to be successful in its sector. As it is a very critical sector therefore each phase of the supply chain has to be responsibly undertaken. The example, undertaken is of Roche Company, which is a successful pharmaceutical company and the various logistic management strategies of the company is studied. The report discusses the deficiencies that are incurred during the manufacturing and distribution of the pharmaceutical products and if these deficiencies are avoided, then any unsuccessful company can take a turn towards being a successful company. The various reasons of the success of good supply chain management are discussed via the example discussed below: Successful Pharmaceuticals companies like Roche make effective strategies to reduce counterfeit medicines in comparison to unsuccessful pharma companies. Strategies used for success Few of these strategies are as shown below: Logistics Medicines which have suffered unlawful events are imported as finished products with more safety and automated lines. The products are transferred through manufacturers who are the product owners to distributors through safe inventory system. Managers order and make invoices on behalf of manufacturers and collects payments too. Logistic operators are responsible for packing, picking and transporting material safe handedly to the warehouse. The whole process if analyzed for better results and output (Grimald, 2012). Drug Regulatory Measures Unsuccessful companies hampers drug regulatory measures like they dont hire qualified staff and machinery, there is poor coordination in systems, weak supply chain and lack of proper monitoring. However, successful companies, have structured drug regulatory measures. There is proper implementation of systems and stakeholders are also interviewed in a structured manner. Successful pharmaceutical companies implement better communication, collect feedbacks from customers and other complaints and prepare successful supply chain and logistic strategies to protect drug counterfeit. Few regulatory measures which successful companies practice are fragmenting drug regulatory responsibility for better implementation of tasks. These companies manage their shortcoming in a better way and their supply chain is always audited at each and every step to avoid counterfeit medicines. Unsuccessful companies are ineffective due to corruption, weak communication system, and poor coordination, lack of fin ance and shortage of effective human resource personnel. On site Quality Surveillance and Inspection Systems Successful companies focus on efficient and cost effective ways for surveillance and inspection of large samples of drugs in the company. Pilot Project in Tanzania used a thin layer chromatography to test in their drug quality. This pilot project helped to improve the testing capacity and improve the quality of medicines; this technique was cheap and required simple training. Many batches have been tested with this technique with the aim to improve quality of the final medicines produced. Hence, successful companies like this follow a inspection system in order to check their drug quality before it is finally prepared. This includes very less costs, but provides greater benefits (Fadlallah, et al., 2016). Similarly, there are several factors that have to be taken care of while working in a pharmaceutical sector. It is a very critical business as it involves the life and death of the patients. There are various factors and concerns that have been listed, which needs to be addressed if a company seeks to be a successful company in a pharmaceutical supply chain. There is no proper or insufficient temperature management of storehouse and also the means of transportation of products of both cold chain and room temperature products. The packaging and the means of transportation also do not get approved properly and remain in that state for the whole duration of the delivery time The training of staff in GDP (Good distribution Practice) is very crucial to maintain the standards and composition of the ingredients of the product. In the absence of which, various unauthorized activities take place; while distribution of the product that should be dealt with stringently. Also in terms of employment, the role and the specific tasks of the staff are not defined and thereby the work does not take place in compliance with the license conditions Competitive advantage The distribution of the pharmaceutical products accounts to be a very essential activity of the integrated supply chain management of the pharmaceutical products. There are numerous number of agencies that are involved in the handling, storing and distributing the pharmaceutical products. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain. Another important point for having a competitive edge is that it is important that storing of the drug products is as per required conditions of the temperature, humidity and the light which would result in better identity, strength, quality and purity of the pharmaceutical products. Finally, for the success of the industry as a whole it is very important that the whole sellers comply with the principles of good distribution practices. The main focus should be on the quality. The quality system should be adequate. Every activity needs to be controlled even the drivers should be trained properly as it is analyzed that the drivers those are responsible for the pharmaceutical products are not trained properly. Therefore, the risk and due diligence should be properly carried out in every minor activity also of the supply chain (Trapsida Desta, 2017). Strategies followed for competitive advantage Public Awareness: A successful pharmaceutical company will always work to increase public awareness and educate their target audience unlike an unsuccessful company which is least bothered about it. Public awareness camp was organized on counterfeit medicines by Mali and Mauritania to influence students and check the efficiency of their camp. Students could recall that there is need for reducing the dangers in medicine by seeing posters and they were convinced that there is better need to have control on drug outlets. Through this study, it was found that these campaigns will show better results and can make a company more successful when better channels will be used like that of media channels, distribution of posters in public places and proper communication of the message to the target audience. Online customers can also be targeted to increase their knowledge about counterfeit medicines (Muthoni, 2014). Companies which organize these kinds of surveys and public awareness campaign s, sets a positive image in front of their customers. This strategy will help to portray itself positively in from of its customers and finally help them increase their profits in the long run. Also, this will bring competitive advantage to a pharmaceutical company to survive in the long run. Step by step segregation of tasks: Many other effective strategies have been followed in various countries. Some of them includes, firstly, division of responsibilities which will help to reduce duplication of work and wastage, the tasks can be implemented judiciously. Secondly, Implementation of tasks under full coordination and delegating tasks for better accountability. Thirdly, Allocating right resources to the right function (Fadlallah, et al., 2016). Fourthly, checking the authenticity of the drug, from where it came and who manufactured it, fifthly, to check and inspect the documents guidelines and points are being fulfilled. Sixthly, to make sure that human resource personnel are being available. Seventh, ensuring the financial mechanism is being checked and lastly maintain balance among all drug regulatory functions. Rules and regulations: It is important for a successful pharmaceutical company to follow all rules and laws related to counterfeit medicines. Few companies in Nigeria do not have laws governing to sale, distribution, import or export to control the illegal system in the society. Hence, even if a country does not follow such rules, it is important that companies themselves become liable and provide quality products to the society (Ingelheim, 2017). Sync between the processes: To ensure success in a pharmaceutical company it is imperative that the people those are involved in each stage and in each process of the supply chain work in sync with each other to make sure that supply chain integrity and compliance is addressed. It is also analyzed that the failures are due to human errors. A large number of reported defective medicines are not due to failure of technology, but due to human error (LaTorre-Snyder, 2016). Counterfeit alertness is very essential to provide quality products, proper measures and adequate methods should be taken while delivering the products. There is an increase in the growth of counterfeiting all over the world, in the developed countries, it accounts for 1%, whereas in case of developing countries it is around 10%. The main reason is that the customers or the patients take a short cut and order medicines over the internet. There are various cases of selling counterfeiting medicines over the internet and that is why now certain steps are taken to make aware the masses convince them to use a real prescription while taking medicines, failing to do so, can result in very serious consequences like death. It is very essential to establish control, review genuine and actual risks in multifaceted supply chains. It is also imperative to understand that what is the starting point and what is the ending point of every individual responsibility. Good practices ascertain that the q uality of the medicines is maintained. The temperatures of the environment also play a crucial role in this industry, thereby due care has to be taken to ascertain that under what weather conditions which medicines have to be stored and transported. A major challenge is that that when the temperatures of the environment rises, then the goods have to be very carefully transported while maintaining the required temperature. To ensure success in a pharmaceutical company it is imperative that the people those are involved in each stage and in each process of the supply chain work in sync with each other to make sure that supply chain integrity and compliance is addressed. It is also analyzed that the failures are due to human errors. A large number of reported defective medicines are not due to failure of technology, but due to human error Suitability in unsuccessful companies Roche is a leading company in the healthcare industry and is successful as it follows all national and government rules and provides original treatment to the patients. They are involved with the government to make better laws and rules for reducing counterfeit medicine. Roches medicines are available only through prescription and their staff is well trained to meet all requirements of the government. Contrary, illegal pharmacies which sell counterfeit medicine bring harm to customers and society. Hence, Roche recommends purchasing medicine from authorized dealers only. Roche supports the government policies and provide authorized and reliable medicines. Latest technologies have been employed for better and faster results. Therefore, the unsuccessful companies too can work on the same pattern (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 2017). The need of the hour is that in order to be competitive it is important to optimize the pharmaceutical supply chain and delivering it in accordance to the safety of the patient. All the stakeholders like the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and partners who transport and allocate products to the customers must make sure that the best product quality is delivered by the distribution network by following the GDP approach. It is very important to keep and maintain the standards as the products are transported both locally and globally. Now a day in order to be successful; education, training and constructing awareness is the need of the hour to maintain and regularly improve quality and supply chain standards. Working exclusive of supply chain integrity and authenticity will fail to deliver safety to the patient (Dylst Vulto, 2013). Sustainability in Roche A pharmaceutical company impacts numerous lives around the globe by researching on various medicines and lifesaving products. Hence, it is essential for them to operate sustainability in the form of quality and safe products. They also need to simultaneously work on improved and creative therapies to meet medical emergencies. A pharmaceutical company needs to act responsibly in their code of conduct and thinking to provide significant value to the customers (Singal, 2017). Roche company is committed to sustainability. Roche works on bringing efficiency and continuous improvement in their systems and tasks of reducing counterfeit medicines. The resources and raw material are being carefully analyzed and it is also being taken care that resources are environmentally friendly with minimum wastage. Roche continues to work for minimum wastage and checking the raw material at each step to avoid counterfeit medicines. This will provide safe medicines to the people and will bring trust among people in society. The evaluation of environment and safe medicines is being done by collecting, aggregating the data from Roche website and their clients feedback. A key indicator of their performance includes: use of sustainable energy, maintaining eco-balance, safe health of their clients, training their employees, audit research and benchmarking performances for better results Recommendation Always checking the authenticity of the drug, from where it came and who manufactured it. Then to check and inspect the documents, guidelines and points are being fulfilled. To make sure that human resource personnel are being available. Ensuring the financial mechanism are being checked and lastly maintain balance among all drug regulatory functions. In order to be competitive it is important to optimize the pharmaceutical supply chain and delivering it in accordance to the safety of the patient. It is very important to keep and maintain the standards as the products are transported both locally and globally. In order to be successful; education, training and constructing awareness is the need of the hour to maintain and regularly improve quality and supply chain standards. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain Conclusion The reason why some companies become unsuccessful in the pharmaceutical sector are that these companies do not pay enough heed to drug regulatory measures as these companies do not hire qualified staff and machinery; there is poor coordination in systems, weak supply chain and lack of proper monitoring. Whereas, the successful companies, follow structured drug regulatory measures and also hire trained employees. There is proper implementation of systems. Successful pharmaceutical companies implement better communication, collect feedbacks from customers and other complaints and prepare successful supply chain and logistic strategies to protect drug counterfeit. These companies manage their shortcoming in a better way and their supply chain is always audited at each and every step to avoid counterfeit medicines. Unsuccessful companies are also ineffective due to corrupt; there is a weak communication system, and poor coordination between different phases of the supply chain, lack of f inance and shortage of effective human resource personnel. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain. Online customers can also be targeted to increase their knowledge about counterfeit medicines. This strategy will help to portray itself positively in from of its customers and finally help them increase their profits in the long run. Also, this will bring competitive advantage to a pharmaceutical company to survive in the long run References Dylst, P. Vulto, A., 2013. Generic medicines: solutions for a sustainable drug market?. PMC journal, 11(5), pp. 437-43. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 2017. Fighting counterfeit products. [Online] Fadlallah, R., Annan, F. Azzam, H., 2016. Strategies and Systems-Level Interventions to Combat or Prevent Drug Counterfeiting: A Systematic Review of Evidence Beyond Effectiveness. PMC journal, 30(5), p. 263276. Fadlallah, R., El-Jardali , F., Annan, F. Azzam, H., 2016. Strategies and Systems-Level Interventions to Combat or Prevent Drug Counterfeiting: A Systematic Review of Evidence Beyond Effectiveness. Pharmaceutical Medicine journal, October, 30(5), p. 263276. Grimald, P., 2012. Roche Argentina: Fighting counterfeit medicines using a traceability system based on GS1 Standards: Healthcare Reference Book, Available at: https://www.gs1.org.ar/documentos/casos%20de%20exito/Caso_Roche.pdf Ingelheim, B., 2017. Dangers of counterfeit medicines, Available at: https://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/sustainability/anti-counterfeiting/dangers-counterfeit-medicines LaTorre-Snyder, M., 2016. Keeping Counterfeit Medicines Out of the Supply Chain, Available at: https://www.pharmpro.com/article/2016/01/keeping-counterfeit-medicines-out-supply-chain Muthoni, J., 2014. Anti-Counterfeiting Strategies Adopted By Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Firms In Kenya And Organizational Performance, Available at: https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/76838/Marete_Anti-counterfeiting%20Strategies%20Adopted%20by%20Pharmaceutical%20Manufacturing%20Firms%20in%20Kenya%20and%20Organizational%20Performance.pdf?sequence=3 Singal, R., 2017. Understanding the aims of sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) and what they mean for pharmacy, Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/learning/learning-article/understanding-the-aims-of-sustainability-and-transformation-plans-stps-and-what-they-mean-for-pharmacy/20202233.article Trapsida, J. Desta, A., 2017. Preventing and controlling substandard and counterfeit medical products in the WHO African region, Available at: https://www.aho.afro.who.int/en/ahm/issue/15/reports/preventing-and-controlling-substandard-and-counterfeit-medical-products-who

Immortality in Shakespeares Sonnets Essay Example

Immortality in Shakespeares Sonnets Paper The idea of immortality will either fascinate or scare you; fascinate you in the way that something could stay the same forever or scare you because nothing lives forever. Shakespeare felt true love was eternal despite anything and beauty was everlasting through his words. He believed Time was the taker of all things, but if his words and love were powerful enough, they could defeat Time. Sonnets 65,104,108, and 116 demonstrate how he has defeated Time with imagery, love, and admiration. Shakespeare gives credit to Time in these four sonnets by displaying it’s ability to make things decay, fade, and die. He says right away, â€Å"Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, but sad mortality o’ersways their power. † I imagine brass becoming rusty, stones perishing, the earth decaying, and the sea evaporating all with this first line. He then proposes a question we all might ask, â€Å"How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, whose action is no stronger than a flower? † (65) A flower is delicate in every way. If held by the petal the petal will tear, if shaken the petals will fall, if stepped on the flower will die. A tone of despair continues though out this short sonnet while he contemplates ways to defeat Time. We will write a custom essay sample on Immortality in Shakespeares Sonnets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Immortality in Shakespeares Sonnets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Immortality in Shakespeares Sonnets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"O, fearful meditation, where, alack, shall Time’s best jewel from Time’s chest lie hid? Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back,† Shakespeare has compared beauty to a jewel which would compare just as equal because jewels are rare and beautiful. I felt imagery was brought out as well because I imagined a huge grandfather clock ticking, but inside the clock a little man trying to stop it and failing each second. Then in a moment of clarity and brilliance, Shakespeare finds a way to beat Time! He is reminded and content in knowing that his verses can preserve youth’s beauty. â€Å"That in black ink my love may still shine bright† The beauty of his beloved can last forever now because of the beautiful words he has written to describe her. This last verse is ironic because it’s saying black will shine bright. Black isn’t really a color that shines brightly which makes that closing verse more powerful. Nothing can take away his words, including Time because everyone will have read them and will remember it. Just as his words can defeat Time, his memory and true admiration cannot be taken away either. Sonnet 104 is absolutely wonderful because it’s about a man who is just thrown by his friend’s beauty no matter how much time has passed since the last time they were together. Right away he confesses his admiration, â€Å"To me, fair friend, you never can be old, for as you were when first your eye I eyed, such seems your beauty still. † He then uses fantastic season imagery when writing about all the seasons. â€Å"Three winters cold have from the forests shook three summers’ pride; .. † It just perfectly illustrates a summer tree with no more leaves and only branches. These verses definitely take you back to each season. Shakespeare goes on to argue in the next couplet, if youth’s beauty has gone away: Beauty will never amount to youth’s face, nor will anything in the future be more beautiful than he. Youth’s beauty is immortal against Time because they met in â€Å"beauty’s summer† which was the boys perfect state. Shakespeare is saying his beauty is immortal because it doesn’t matter how long it’s been or who else comes into this world; I have seen what real beauty is so nothing can or will ever compare. Now that Shakespeare has proved beauty to be immortal with words and memories, he must prove that love is also part of immortality. Sonnet 108 is also written to a boy whom I am not sure who he is. Despite who he is writing to, he declares his love to be everlasting and eternal. In fact, he’s not quite sure how to express himself anymore so that he does not sound repetitive. â€Å"What’s in the brain that ink may character which hath not figured to thee my true spirit? † However, as many times as he has declared his love, he feels he must just as it is required to pray everyday. Time had no affect on this love no matter the wrinkles or age. â€Å"So that eternal love in love’s fresh case weighs not the dust and injury of age, nor gives to necessary wrinkles place, . . . † Time may have literally taken away his flawless face and youth, but love is stronger than Time. Love sees things in the purest form and from the first time it began. In this sonnet, Shakespeare somewhat lives in the past when thinking and describing the boy’s beauty. Beauty has still remained immortal in this sonnet as does his love for never changing. Continuing on Love, Shakespeare executes the idea of love being immortal in sonnet 116. â€Å"Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, or bends with the remover to remove. † Now, this poem is exactly what love being immortal is all about. From the first verse to the last verse, it remains incredibly powerful and true. Time stands no chance against a love like this. â€Å"O no, it is an ever-fixed mark that looks on tempests and is never shaken; . .† Love cannot be shaken or unchanged, once you love someone it can never go away. It’s as if its’ been permanently engraved in your heart and soul and there’s no going back. Shakespeare begins to beat Time down by saying even Love is greater than beauty and you. â€Å"Love’s not time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks within his bending sickle’s compass come: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, but bears it out even to the edge of doom. † Time continues everyday leaving everything behind . . . EXCEPT Love. Shakespeare is so persistent is this theory that he is willing to put even his own reputation on the line. â€Å"If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved. † An intense closing verse for someone who has so much riding on himself. If he believed wholeheartedly that Time could in no way defeat Love, it must be true. Shakespeare as usual does an excellent job illustrating imagery, passion, and complex ideas with his work. The sonnets I chose were chosen because they somewhat all linked. Shakespeare believed in immortality with beauty and love. He proved with these four sonnets, that Time surely was inevitable, but could be conquered. He preserves beauty and love with his sonnets making everything he’s seen and felt to be immortal until Time itself has finished.