Technical Proposal Template

Any technical innovator should introduce his/her ideas to a company in the form of technical proposal template in order to further develop the product on the market. Any idea should be realized and rendered in the coherent and logical way to convey the primary message and draw attention from the enterprise. Therefore, when constructing technical proposal template, one needs to state the purpose in a clear way mentioning such critical sections as the description of the product, technical characteristics, and its applicability. Introduction The project proposal involves the necessary information about the particular research work that is significant for sponsors who use it to assess the project and make a decision about its funding. It is usually written in the early stage of the project planning before the concrete decisions are taken, and financing is attributed. Proposals can be divided into internal ones that exist within the enterprise or external that are constructed outside the company from one enterprise to another one. They also vary in form since some are organized for businesses whereas others — for non-governmental organizations or college. The example of technical proposal template is introduced below implying the project that focuses on the new invention and means of its promotion to market. Structure Name of Enterprise In this section, a person, team of innovators, or small enterprise should introduce oneselves including educational background and professional skills. The subjects are needed to draw company’s attention highlighting some important features to create good scenario. In this respect, the innovators should show their candidacy from the best perspective to make investors interested in the innovation. Description of the Product In this phase, a person or group of people are required to describe the product, its characteristics, and overview. It is significant to show the best traits of the product and its uniqueness to grab the potential investors. One needs to render personal vision to the target audience and appeal to the reader based on solid analysis of the product. Applicability of the Product In this stage, the inventor designates the exact details of the product keeping the readers in suspense. One should get the reader’s interest emphasizing the inner traits of the product and keep her/his focus. The person promoting the product should show its benefits and demonstrate which problem or challenge the product can solve. It is significant to indicate why this innovation is necessary and useful nowadays. Style and Submitting the Proposal When writing the proposal, the subject usually represents some technical data that may be not understandable for the ordinary customers. Therefore, one should describe technical traits in the concise and accurate way to show the good organization of the project. It is essential to apply the technical terminology when it is required; otherwise, the abundance of complicated technical terms can confuse the reader. At the same, the innovator should not simplify the style and reach comprehension with the recipient using the appropriate style of language. What is more, when submitting the proposal, one needs to check whether the report is written based on guidelines. One is also required to protect the invention and maintain technicality in order not to be rejected by the company. 4.00 avg. rating (86% score) - 1 vote

Analyzing the Surprise Ending in Descartes Discourse on...

Surprise Ending in Descartes In the book Discourses on the Method and the Meditations, author Rene Descartes famously questions the existence of humanity. His most famous quotation, the one for whom he is most remembered is I think therefore I am (Descartes 11). According to this idea, so long as a being has the ability to think then they existed. Animals have brains and therefore they must exist. In order to truly, exist, to be a thinking entity, a person or organism must utilize the ability granted to them by their mind. This is the focus of much of this text, the nature of existence and the line between what is true and what we only imagine or perceive to be true. For the majority of the text, the philosopher asks questions in trying to formulate his own identity and indeed whether or not he existed as all. It would be assumed that the end of the book would be a conclusion of this internal dialogue where Descartes definitively states his position on human existence. However, Descartes instead devotes the end of the text to a wholly new concept: namely he applies the question of existence to a being above humanity. At the end of the text, instead of continuing on with these questions Descartes instead discusses the idea of God and whether or not He exists. At the time of the Royal Society which Descartes was a member of, the researchers and philosophers were trying to understand everything about the world, something which actually is impossible to do. Renee DescartesShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagestranslate Greimas s concept of actant is misleading and actant is usually kept (see Ducrà ´t and Todorov, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979, p. 224), and discours image when translated as image discourse is not very clear, since it is referring to film, which is made up of images. The following rough spots occur only once each: Unusual (p. 5) translates weakly insolite, which has also the connotation of strange, disquieting, surprising, unexpected

Core Characteristics of the Corporate Social Responsibility at Hennes and Mauritz Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The key stakeholders that H M is responsible for our customer, employees, suppliers, shareholders, the local communities, and the government. These stakeholders are crucial for the success of the company. For instance, customers provide the revenues, employees provide the production skills and shareholders provide the capital. All the stakeholders are important but there are some, which are more important than others. H M could use the salient model to prioritize its stakeholders as follows: legitimacy, power, and urgency. Legitimacy is concerned with whether; H M s activities conform to the relevant social norms. It also takes into account fund providers, the controller of the required assets for the project and who is influenced by the project. Financiers should fall under legitimacy since they provide funds. Customers and society also fall under the category since they are influenced by the project. Power is concerned with the stakeholders who impose their will on others. The financiers and shareholders fall under the category since they demand that managers meet their interests. Last, urgency is concerned with the importance and the urgency of stakeholder s demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Characteristics of the Corporate Social Responsibility at Hennes and Mauritz or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page On that note, H M has made steps to improve the welfare of its employees, customer, shareholders, and society.

I Am A Guinea Pig Of Sorts - 1370 Words

As humans we create a certain image of ourselves , we are aware of who we are and measure our own worth. It s called self-concept, it is one of the most influential parts of our personality it helps us create the present and future way we will act. One of the most common ways we do this is through the self-fulfilling prophecy. For this essay I became a guinea pig of sorts and experimented with this idea. Even before I took the rosenberg s Self esteem test I knew for a fact that I suffer from low self esteem. My sever depression, anxiety and several psychologists can attest to that. Another thing I knew for a fact is that faux positive self talk and notes wasn t going to help me, Rejecting the idea before even doing the experiment probably altered my end results but it did prove that I like most others also go through self fulfilling prophecies. It also made me realize i have a very negative outlook on life, that i usually blame on my lack of serotonin. I understand that I have full power over the way I feel about myself, sometimes i think that i use my mental illnesses as handicaps for my low self esteem. I hear it often enough to know that Self esteem comes from within and one must work on developing a positive view of themselves so that they have confidence in their own value and not depend on external forces to feel a sense of worth. I realize that i skimmed over what a self fulfilling prophecy is that is because I wanted to explain it to the best of my abilities. AShow MoreRelatedDo Objects Make Us882 Words   |  4 PagesDo Objects Make Us? Many people in todays society are distressed greatly with ones rank in the social hierarchy; material possessions of all sorts seem to construct, shape, and style the lives of consumers all over the world. Consumers all over the world are becoming more and more demanding as more and more is being advertised. Many companies, such as Apple, often advertise months in advance for products creating commotion, attentiveness, and desire among the world. Stores, such as Old Navy,Read MoreDont Ask Dont Tell Outline Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy and give a brief history of events. Central idea: According to my class survey the majority had little or no knowledge of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy, so I am going to explain how it came to be. Introduction I.Fundamental beliefs A.Military Service Workers 1.Honorable 2.Courageous B. Service Members Turned Away 1.Openly gay 2.Ended careers of over 11,000 service members II.By listening to a briefRead MoreA Short Note On The Testing Phase ( Beta ) Of Software Or Hardware1111 Words   |  5 Pagescrying himself to sleep. Ok it’s probably not that bad but you get the idea It.’s actually the much anticipated Oculus Rift Headgear that will be coming out soon. Now, you may be thinking: â€Å"That’s not possible! There’s no way it can be broken!† Well I am here to prove you wrong. Migraines and nausea are only a few of the problems that will be wrong with the OR headgear. The other problems consist of configuration issues (inducing stuff other than migraines), and some operating systems just plain outRead MoreWhy I Am A Perfectionist Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesis easy to be a perfectionist. Well, it is for me anyway. People wonder why I enjoy mathematics and computers so much. It is because those fields feed off of perfectionism, just like me. There are many predefined rules which leave little room for â€Å"guessti mation.† If I correctly write up an equation or algorithm of some sort, I will always get the same specific response. Seeing everything come out right and knowing that I haven’t made a mistake, leaves me with an almost euphoric sense of satisfactionRead MoreGi Jane Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdesk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seals are the militarys elite Special Forces team. O Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking ONeal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal. ONeal is put through a series of tests and her main obstacle is Master ChiefRead MorePersuasive Speech : A Dog s Eyes 1579 Words   |  7 Pagespersuade. Specific Goal: At the end of my speech, I want the audience who want to get a pet now or in the future to adopt instead of buy from a store or a mill. Proposition Statement: Euthanization and over impregnated dogs can be lowered if people are more informed about pet stores and mills, and adopt making room for more animals to go through the rescue and shelters. Introduction (Attention Step) Attention Getter: Whenever I look into my dog’s eyes, I could never believe that she was once in an awfulRead More Gi Jane Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary desk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O’ Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seal’s are the military’s elite Special Forces team. O’ Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking O’Neal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal. O’Neal is put through a series of tests and her main obstacle is Master Chief JohnRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety1319 Words   |  6 Pages Anxiety When asked to do a report on a health related subject I didn’t have to wonder. There was no concern on what subject I would pick. It is plain and simple. I would write on panic disorder. PTSD, or generalized anxiety. This would give me a stage to set some clarity to what is seen as just a group of people who are not as mentally tough as other people. Ever get nervous before a big test? Feel stressed and anxious about a situation. In a state of constant worry. Great because that isRead MoreMy Current Home State Of Colorado The Department Of Human Services1391 Words   |  6 Pagesreceiving care based on what his or her assessment identified. It is within this step of the process that I believe an untapped resource exists. Law Enforcement Involvement During the family service plan stage, I feel that DHS should partner with local law enforcement and even family legal teams to further educate young people on what could become of them if they do not make good choices. Yes, I know that the aim of DHS is typically to ensure proper care of children. However, in this same arena, ifRead MoreFixing the Future1094 Words   |  4 Pages†Smith, is there a wormhole that would take us to Red Restina anywhere near? I wouldn’t want to try our luck with the engine, and we don’t have resources to keep this up with a fully stored neudroid ship.† Gamma asked, after he had given the females of their group an all-clear and they had gone off to get rid of the piles of guns they had on them and change their clothes. â€Å"Unfortunately the closest I can find is in the Saturn rings and too soon for us to make it there in time.† â€Å"How long is it

Oliver Twist By Charles Dickens Essay - 1736 Words

Introduction From the end of the eighteenth century to the start of the nineteenth century, London was a city with a high wrongdoing rate. From 1745 to 1820, there were 115,000 individuals who made their living by theft, prostitution, cheat and other criminal acts. It is terrible when we realize that the aggregate populace of London around then was only 960,000. Probably there was no other author in Victoria time that had such an in number worry about wrongdoing, and fused such a great amount of depiction of wrongdoing in his functions as Charles Dickens (1812- 1870) did. Oliver Twist was the second novel of Dickens distributed in a serial structure in a magazine titled BentleyÊ ¼s Miscellany run independent from anyone else from February 1837 to April 1839 when Dickens was still a columnist. In England, from the 1830s to the 1840s, a lot of wrongdoing books were distributed. Oliver Twist was composed simply During that period. Most faultfinders and book commentators of Dickens lifetime based their surveys of Oliver Twist on one standard: how reasonable this novel was. Particularly, depictions of a group of lawbreakers in London in this novel pulled in consideration and were the engaging point for quite a while. Oliver Twist builds associations between the criminal characters themselves and additionally this present reality conditions which motivated their generalizations. The states of destitution and an absence of family being fixed to culpability are establishedShow MoreRelatedOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1535 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens, the author of Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812 in Landport, England, and then died on June 9th, 1870 in Kent, England. In his 58 years of life he made a collection of books that are still famous today; although it was not until 1836 that he started to come to fame when he published The Pickwick Papers. One of the many books he published was Oliver Twist and this story was one that he related too, because like this story Dickens had little education asRead MoreOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1644 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dickens’ Oliver Twist, Dickens frequently explains how â€Å"callous and uncaring Victori an society was (Shmoop Editorial Team),† as well as how clothing affects one’s social class. The protagonist of this eventful and heart wrenching story, Oliver Twist, is a naive young man who endures intense abuse and starvation in Victorian England’s workhouses. He keeps his hopes high and has a turn-around from his past life of misery. During this morose experience, Oliver sees the realization of Victorian EnglandRead MoreCharles Dickens Oliver Twist1150 Words   |  5 PagesOliver Twist, one of Charles Dickens greatest novel written in 1838, portrays the despotic social scenario of England at that time. The novel’s substitle is The Parish Boy’s Progress, which is a satirical depiction of an orphan boy, Oliver, who suffers from the miserable behavior of the authorities charged to care for orphan children. Oliver eventually becomes involved with a gang of criminals (Frank 19). It shows how a young mind gets manipulated by evil just because he suff ers from the crueltyRead MoreOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1370 Words   |  6 PagesOliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens, English writer and social critic. He is known as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. It was his second novel and was finished in September 1838. Dickens was writing two novels at the same time, The Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist. Oliver Twist, tells of the complicated life of an orphan, Oliver, living in the streets of London. The story was inspired by Dickens childhood poverty where he had to get by on his own and earn his own way. DickensRead More Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens Oliver Twist The novel Oliver Twist is a criticism of the cruelty that children and poor people suffered at the hands of 19th century society. It was Dickens first novel written under his own name when he was 24 years old and in it he already reveals his sharp, but comic comments and criticism. From the start Dickens makes it clear to the reader that poor people and the children of poor people; most especially a baby born illegitimately; were of no consequence in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Dickens s Oliver Twist 1539 Words   |  7 Pages​Charles Dickens illustrates how people facing poverty are treated as criminals by the Victorian society and may cause them to be forced down the path of crime. He demonstrates this theory throughout his novel Oliver Twist. Oliver Twist is a novel about a ten year old orphan in the nineteenth century who is forced into labour at a workhouse. Dickens highlights the conditions of the workhouse to display the struggle one bares in order to survive. He uses the characters Oliver and Nancy to demonstrateRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Dickens s Oliver Twist 905 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the earliest use of the word realism referred to the faith full representation of the real world in the literature beginning from the 1850 s. Charles dickens is one among the greatest well-known representatives of the 19th century English critical realism. In Victorian England realism is greeted by the work of Dickens. In his work, Oliver Twist (1838), he uses realism to represent the harsh realities of life during his lifetime. It is his first novel in which he reflect on the shortcomingsRead MoreNancy in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Essay679 Words   |  3 PagesNancy in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist London in the 19th century was a heavily packed city where the rich and poor rubbed shoulders daily. Charles Dickens lived there most of his life, growing from a poor child to a publicly famous, but often privately troubled, writer. The city shaped his life it also patterns his work in complex and fascinating ways. The novels picture this great city vividly. It can also be seen to be used as a symbolic map through which human relationshipsRead MoreThe Inspirational Nature of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens671 Words   |  3 PagesOliver Twist is a popular book written by Charles Dickens among many others such as David Copperfield and A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens wrote many short stories, plays, novels, fiction, and nonfiction stories during his lifetime. He wrote a lot about the different types of people in the world, especially about the poor. This type of writing showed in the book Oliver Twist. This book is told by a 3rd omniscient narrator. Oliver Twist is the main character in this book asRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations And Oliver Twist1057 Words   |  5 Pagesstrangers as family. Charitable strangers can also teach children to act with benevolence and give them an honorable role model to follow. These acts of kindness can drastically change the character of the poor child. In Charles Dickens’ two novels, Great Expectations and Oliver Twist, Dickens challenges the conventional idea of parentage and suggests that through generosity anyone can become a guardian and have a major impact on the emerging identity of children. Therefore, people should not place as much

Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essay Example For Students

Power, Propoganda In Communist China Essay Power, Propoganda in Communist ChinaPropaganda in China during the Cultural Revolution took on many forms; there were mass Red Guard demonstrations in Tianamen Square in support of Mao Zedong, pictures of Mao were put up in every conceivable location from restaurants to the wallpaper in nurseries, and pamphlets and books of Maos teachings were distributed to every Chinese citizen. One of these propaganda publications Quotations from Chairman Mao which later became known as the Little Red Book contained quotes from Mao Zedong and was distributed to every Chinese citizen. The history of the Red Book provides one of the best ways in which to analyze Chinese propaganda during the Cultural Revolution and see the ways in which the Chinese government was able to produce and effectively indoctrinate the Chinese people with Mao Zedong Thought. Official Chinese magazines from the period of 1967 to 1970 are filled with many pictures of citizens holding, reading, and memorizing the Red Book. Thi s proposal will trace the rise and fall of images of the Red Book in the official Chinese publication China Reconstructs. This proposal will use a graphical analysis of pictures in this publication from 1966 to 1973 to show that propaganda was not just a tool of the Communist party but also a reflection of internal power struggles within the party during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Book was written several years before it became the object of national adoration and a tool for the Cultivation of Maos personality Cult. The history of the Red Book and its meteoric rise from a hand book for military recruits to compulsory reading for all Chinese citizens, is closely tied to its developer Lin Biaos rise to power. Lin Biao was born in 1907 and was fourteen years younger then Mao; he joined the communist party in 1925 and until the communists captured control of China was at various times in charge of resiezce forces, and armies of communist soldiers. When the communists took control in 1949 Lin Biao was behind Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, and Deng Xiaoping in rank (Yan and Gao, 1996: 179). But eighteen years later during the height of the Cultural Revolution Lin Biao by winning favor with Mao by publishing and championing the Red Book and the Cult of Mao became second only to the Chairman in power and position (Ming-Le, 1983: 80). In 1959 Peng Dehua was dismissed as minister of defense and Lin Biao was appointed in his place. At an armed forces meeting for high cadres during September of that year Lin Biao, energetically started promoting the Cult of Mao saying, Learning the writings of comrade Mao Zedong is the shortcut to learning Marxism-Leninism. Chairman Maos writings are easy to learn and can be put to use immediately. Diligent work will pay dividends many fold. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) His references to shortcut and quick dividends in his speech went unnoticed at the time as few foresaw the effects of creating aCult around Mao. But looking back on the Cultural Revolution and Lin Biao, we can see his using the Cult of Mao was indeed a shortcut that produced huge dividends both for himself and for Mao. Mao to the Chinese people was a symbol sovereignty and the construction of socialism; to them praise for Mao was fitting with his symbolic role in society. Starting in 1959 Lin Biao in front of military au diences in order to help buildup support for the Cult of Mao used such phrases as, the dire necessity of acquiring Mao Zedongs thought, to study the writings of Mao Zedong with questions in mind is to shoot arrows with target in sight, we must arm our minds with Mao Zedongs thought (Yan an Gao, 1996: 181). Lin Biaos goal of building up both himself and the Cult of Mao lead him in September of 1960 to pass a resolution at the meeting of the Military Commission, which called for more political education among the armed forces (Yan and Gao, 1996: 181)Mao Zedong Thought is the compass for the Chinese peoplesrevolution and socialist construction, the powerful ideological weapon against imperialism, and the powerful ideological weapon against revisionism and dogmatism.. raise high the red banner of Mao Zedong Thought, go further and mobilize the minds of all officers and soldiers with Mao Zedong Thought, and resolve to make sure that Mao Zedong Thought, and resolve to make sure that Mao Z edong Thought is in command in all phases of work Really learn by heart the Mao Zedong Thought! Read Chairman Maos books, listen to Chairman Maos words, follow Chairman Maos directives, andserve as Chairman Maos good soldiers!Shortly after the passage of the resolution by Lin Biao, the fourth volume of the selected works of Mao Zedong was published. On the occasion of it being sold to the public Lin Biao wrote an article calling upon all people in the military to read and study the works of Chairman Mao and dedicate to memory Mao Zedong Thought (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). On April 1964 Lin Biao direct the military presses to publish a selection of quotes from Mao in a Little Red Book. The book titled Quotations From Chairman Mao was aimed at providing military recruits a shortened version of Maoist thought (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). Military recruits before the publication of the Red Book were encouraged to study the Selected Works of Mao Zedong. But this set of books had grown so large (its four volumes contained over fifteen hundred pages) many of the militarys recruits who were from peasant backgrounds were unable to read its complicated articles. The Little Red Book in contrast with its hand picked quotes and introduction by Lin Biao was short with easy to read quotes. Before the publishing of the Red Book the study of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong greatly increased in the military this was in large part due to the encouragement and directives issued by Lin Biao. In 1961 Lin Biao while inspecting a contingent of troops said that the works of Ch airman Mao Zedong, were a guide to those in the military, Every lesson in political education must use the works of Chairman Mao Zedong as an ideological guide. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183) Lin Biao also directed the military press to publish sections from the Red Book in the Liberation Army Daily the official publication of the PLA (Peoples Liberation Army). The Red Book provided many of the military recruits who were mostly uneducated peasants with a grounding inMaoist thought. The quotes selected in the Red Book such as, Carry on the workers struggle, down with rightist revisionism were sufficient vague as to allow recruits to draw from the Red Book what they wanted to. Lin Biaos efforts to promote the study of Maoist thought were done to win favor with Mao and increase his position in the party (Tsou, 1986: 49). Lin Biaos cultivation of the Cult of Mao Zedong soon earned him Maos notice. During a meeting in 1961 Mao applauded Lin Biaos work in the armed forces saying, Recently com rade Lin Biao inspected the forces as far down as the company level and showed underezding of a good many things, including the problems of construction among our forces, and he made very good suggestions about various tasks of construction. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) Lin Biao feeling that his workat publicizing Maos teachings was paying off redoubled his efforts at promoting Mao Zedong Thought. He insisted that quotes from Mao Zedong could be used to accomplish tasks within the military and made the Red Book required reading for all in the military (Tsou, 1986:50). In January of 1962 the Part Central held an enlarged work session called a seven thousand person meeting. This meeting was aimed at rectifying the mistakes of The Great Leap Forward, and to promote the economy. A large majority at the meeting criticized Mao Zedong; but Lin Biao who believed that his future was inextricably linked to that of Mao gave one of the lone speeches in support of Mao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182). Lin Biao said at the conference that the reason The Great Leap Forward had not a success was because the dictates of Chairman Mao had not been followed closely enough. After the economy started to improve in 1963 and Mao gained back wide support Mao looked back and remembered that Lin Biao was one of the few who had stood by him and did not criticize him during the Party Central meeting. This event shows how Lin Biao was a shrewd political thinker who saw that his future was connected with that of Mao and winning Maos approval. By 1962 Lin Biaos chief tool at achieving this objective was the promotion of Mao Zedong Thought (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 63). After May of 1961 the Liberation Army Daily followed Lin Biaos directive and printed selections from the SelectedWorks of Mao Zedong. By May of 1964 with a further directive from Lin Biao the general publication department of the Liberation Army, edited and published the Red Book accompanied by the publication of the selected reader of the workers of Mao suggested by Lin Biao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183). The Red Book had an inscription on its cover written in calligraphy by Lin Biao that read, Study Chairmen Maos writings, follow his teachings, and act accordingly (Kraus, 1991: 109). The fact that the inscription on the Red Book was in Lin Biaos handwriting was significant in that it symbolized the connection between the Red Book, Lin Biao, and the Cult of Mao. Both of these publications were published in large quantities and distributedamong the armed forces. There now was a fervor for the studying of works by Mao in military ranks, illiterate soldiers were able to recite long passages from memory and military troops studied the Red Book during their breaks. With such a backdrop Lin Biao recognized that the time was right for increasing his position within the party. The cultivation of the Cult of Mao had support from Mao Zedong and when he started the Cultural Revolution in August of 1966 Mao saw that Lin Biaos thought education in the military could be applied to the whole nation (Rodzinski, 1988:96). The period before the Cultural Revolution provides some very important insights into the development of the Red Book and of Lin Biaos connection to the Red Book. In the period before August of 1966 the Red Book was not read by those outside of the military. A graphical analysis of pictures before 1967 shows that the Red Book was not a widely used method of propaganda as it did not appear in many pictures and the pictures it did appear in were of soldiers in the PLA. Although studying Maoist thought was important during the period prior to the Cultural Revolution in society as a whole it was not veryimportant. There are several reasons: First, there was no reason to Cultivate the Cult of Mao Zedong Thought during this time, Mao prior to 1966 was not trying to lead any mass movements in which he would need popular support. The Great Leap Forward and the anti-rightist campaigns came during times in w hich Mao was powerful within the party so he did not need wide spread support outside of the central command. Second, Mao prior to the Cultural Revolution was more interested in promoting communist economics then ideology. Mao promoted The Great Leap Forward which was not a ideological campaign but instead an economic campaign to promote industrialization (Rodzinski, 1988:74). And in the period from 1961 to 1965 Mao was chiefly concerned with getting the economy back on track following the disastrous Great Leap Forward. But by 1966 the economy of China was back on track and Mao had once more gained back the support of the central leaders of the communist party. The Cultural Revolution launched in 1966 lasted depending on the author until 1971 or 1976 and was initiated by Mao Zedong to renew the spirit of the Chinese Revolution. Fearing that China would develop along the lines of the Soviet model and concerned about his own place in history, Mao threw China into turmoil in a monumen tal effort to reverse what Mao saw as a rightist movement within China. During the 1960s tensions with Russia increased and Mao became convinced that the Russian Revolution had stalled and become rightist, Mao feared that China was following the same path (Yan and Gao, 1996: 7). Mao theorized that to keep China from becoming social stratified and elitist the process of continuos revolution had to be initiated by the government. To Mao the Cultural Revolution that he initiated had four goals: to replace party members with leaders more faithful to his thinking; to reenergize the Chinese Communist party and Purge the rightists; to provide Chinas youth with a revolutionary experience; and to change society such that specific systems such as education, healthcare, and cultural systems such as opera and musicbecame less elitist (Mitchell and Kua, 1975: 465). Mao launched the Cultural Revolution at the Eleventh Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee in August 1966. In the following weeks Mao shut down the schools in order to allow young people to take part in the revolution (Mitchell and Kua, 1975: xii). Mao also established a national mobilization of the countries youth. They were organized into Red Guard groups and encouraged to attack all tradition values, symbols, and leaders who were rightist or bourgeois. Mao believed that the attacks would both provide the youth with a revolutionary experience thus continuing the cycle of continuos revolution and theywould strengthen the party by removing the rightist elements. Mao also saw the Cultural Revolution as a way to strengthen his own political base because the Red Guards acted to remove all who opposed Mao Zedong. The movement quickly escalated; intellectuals party officials, teachers, and the elderly were both physically attacked and verbally abused made to wear dunce caps in the streets and to denounce themselves. Temples, restaurants, and all signs of old values were ransacked by the Red Guard youths. The Cultu ral revolution put middle school and high school students in charge of the nation and like a version of Lord of the Flies the nation fell into anarchy and paralysis The Cultural Revolution also lead to changes within the structure of the communist party. Before the Cultural RevolutionLiu Shaoqi was Mao Zedongs designated successor, but during the early stages of the Cultural Revolution Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping and many others who Mao deemed as being rightists were removed from the party. In their place Mao installed those who had been most loyal to him in the past; one of those men was Lin Biao (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 80). ..Mao rightly saw that the best way to provide both direction for the Red Guards and to make himself immune from their attacks upon party official would be to foster a personality Cult. Thus under the guidance of Lin Biao who after Liu Shaoqi was removed; become the successor to Mao Lin Biao helped foster a personality Cult for Mao. Lin Biao used the same types of techniques that he used in the army to help foster this Cult of Mao. Lin Biao used the same organization to disseminate propaganda that he had devised for the Army. Lin Biao continued to head the army till his death in 1971 but his role wasexpanded as he became the high priest of the Cult of Mao (Yan and Gao, 1996: 334). The reading of the Red Book was encouraged by both Mao, party directives written by Lin Biao, Chen Boda, and Kang Sheng who during the Cultural Revolution became Maos closest advisors. All three of these advisors worked tirelessly to promote the Cult of Mao because they saw it as their way to curry favor with Mao Zedong and their efforts met with whole hearted approval. Mao in an interview near the end of the Cultural Revolution commented that Krushchev could have avoided loosing his power if he had created an appropriate Cult for himself (Yan and Gao, 1996: 313). Mao relied on the power of propaganda to enlarge his Cult during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Boo k became his most powerful weapon. Quotations from the Red Book replaced the usual front page section entitled todays important news in the Peoples Daily. Various other newspapers and journals increased their coverage of Mao Zedong printing his speeches, pictures, and quotes. Some even retold stories of his days fighting the Japanese and the KMT (Yan and Gao, 1996: 215). The major newspapers in June of 1966 started writing editorials and stories encouraging the public to study the thought of Chairman Mao by reading . On June 6 both the Liberation Army Daily and the Peoples Daily simultaneously published a front page article calling on the Chinese people to study Mao Zedong Thought and reading Selected Works of Mao Zedong. The headline read, Raise high the Great Red Flag of Mao Zedong, Carry to the end the great proletariat revolution. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 215) It was no coincidence that the Liberation Army Daily and the Peoples Daily both carried the same story about increasing Mao Z edong thought study. It symbolized the rise in power of Lin Biao who with the start of the Cultural Revolution and the expulsion of Liu Shaoqi had increased his power within the communist party. Lin Biaos ideas of education and indoctrination into Maoist thought had with the publishing of the story in the Peoples Daily in June of 1966 moved from the army to all of China. From this point on until he lost favor with Mao in 1970 Lin Biao became the cheerleader of the Cult of Mao directing the national frenzy that enveloped China with its adoration of Mao Zedong (Dutt and Dutt, 1970: 80). Under the leadership of Lin Biao the leading newspapers in China printed stories urging readers to read the works of Mao. As of yet the only books available to the public was the four volume long Selected Works of Mao Zedong; the Red Book had not yet become available to the pubic. In the fall of 1966 the Peoples Daily published such headlines as, Mao Zedong thought is the red sun within our bosom, and stories in newspapers were filled with such lines as, Chairman Maos books are not gold, but are more precious then gold; not steel, but stronger then steel. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 183) Picturesfrom this time depicted happy Chinese citizens reading pamphlets by Mao such as the, Man Who Moved The Mountain. But as of yet the number of pictures in 1966 that pictured Red Books was limited and only included members of the armed forces. But the stories in the newspapers and other propaganda put out by the government such as radio broadcasts stirred up a great fever in support of Mao and the study of Mao Zedong Thought. On August 12 following the Eleventh Plenum of the Eighth party congress copies of The Selected Works of Mao Zedong were distributed at major universities before they wereshut down to prepare for the Cultural Revolution. During the rest of 1966 newspapers reported daily on the sale on The Selected Works of Mao Zedong. The government lowered the price of the set of books to two yuan so that every person could posses a copy of the Selected Works. Sales were brisk then starting in January of 1967 Lin Biao made Quotations From Chairman Mao available to the public. Everyone immediately wanted to buy it. Group study sessions of the bookbecame common. At many Red Guard rallies during the next several years Red Guard troops set whole pages of the book to song (Yan and Gao, 1996: 248). Lin Biao ordered the presses of China to print millions of copies of the Red Book and distribute them to the public. The Chinese media encouraged the reading of the Red Book by printing stories extolling the virtues of those who committed the book to memory. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 249) Granny Liu spent days and nights studying the works of Chairman Mao. When she forgot, she called other to teach her. Granddaughter Yuhzen slept with her and would thus be awakened ten times a night. Even though the granddaughter could not sleep well, Granny Liu would say endearingly to her, Yuhzen, o ne more word you can teach granny is one more measure of loyalty to Chairman Mao and one more bullet for Liu Shaoqi..Granny Liu also eagerly disseminated Mao Zedong Thought. For more than sixty years she, had not known how to sing. Now, learning from her daughter and granddaughter, she sang every where.Proudly Granny Liu said, This old women cant really handle a tune. But what I sing is my feeling for Chairman Mao. When I disseminate Mao Zedong Thought, the more I sing the younger I get.Thus from January of 1967 to Lin Biaos death and the end of the Cultural Revolution everyone in China it seemed wanted to be a Granny Liu; a person who worked for the greater glory of Mao Zedong and China. The Red Book provided the Chinese people both with a basic although cryptic introduction to Maoist thought and it also provided them with a connection to their leader. Lin Biao was able to successfully indoctrinate the entire nation not just in an idolization of Mao but also in a frenzied s tudying of his quotes. The period from 1966 to 1971 is marked by Chinese publications filled with pictures of Chinese citizens studying theRed Books on communes, in fields, in classrooms, at rallies, and at ad-hoc study groups that met from along the Pearl River in the south of China to the plains of Tibet. The number of pictures in China Reconstructs of people holding Mao books increased from just a trickle prior to 1967 to almost fifty percent of all at the Height of the Cultural Revolution. Along with this upward trend in the number of Mao books was an increasing number of flattering articles about Lin Biao. One article in 1968 called him both a valiant fighter for the revolution and a loyal follower of Mao. The irony of this quote was probably missed by most readers at the time but looking back it was Lin Biao who created the Cult of Mao to further his own goals within the communist party and not Lin Biaos goals of helping Mao. The percentage of pictures of the Red Book and art icles about Lin Biao during this time reflected not just the frenzy over the Cult of Mao in China but also the power of Lin Biao it was through his work that the Red Book became a talisman for the Chinese people. Chinese citizens read the Red Book because of the appeal and aura that surrounded it. The Red Book connected individual Chinese citizens with their leader. It enabled the average citizen who would never meet Mao in their lifetime to possess a piece of him and his words. During the Cultural Revolution Mao became a god in the eyes of the Chinese people no criticism of him could be tolerated, nor the slightest deviation from his instruction permitted. Every word he uttered was taken as truth he became in effect a living Buddha, and like Buddha his writings became like sutras. His quotes like passages from the sutras were memorized, chanted, set to song, and reproduced on billboards and on the beams of houses. (Rodzinski, 1988:121) The Red Book became during the Cultural Revolu tion a holy sutra carried by every citizen everywhere and studied endlessly. Some would say that the Red Book became the bible of the Cultural Revolution but this theory has several flaws. First, if this is true then the Mao would be the Jesus Christ of his time, but Mao unlike Jesus reached unquestioned power during his lifetime and unlike Jesus had no one above him; Mao was god not the son of god in China. Second, the Red Book is not parallel to the bible in its symbolism. The bible is not committed to memory by most Christians unlike the sutras whichBuddhists learn long passages from. Mao followed in the footsteps of the Buddhist framework of religious organization. Under the Cultural Revolution Buddhism and Confucianism were wiped out, Red Guards destroyed Buddhist temples and tortured monks; but in this religious vacuum Mao placed himself as Buddha and his writings as Sutras. The Red Book during the Cultural Revolution provided a semblance of structure and unity in the chaos o f the time. Even though rival Red Guard factions frequently clashed and the nation was thrown into turmoil the Red Book acted as a bond between the Chinese; they were all followers of Mao even as their nation dissolved into anarchy. The Red Book provided a framework in which for people to criticize others and also a bond between citizens, the party, Red Guards, and Mao. The study of the Red Book also provided a de-facto type of education while the schools were shut down. People learned to readin study groups while learning the Red Books quotes. In these ways the Red Book was valuable in that it created a type oforder out of the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. One of the fascinating things about the Red Book was that nearly ever Chinese citizen possessed one but only a few of them could read it. This was one of the things that made the Red Book so popular was that it created with the idea that the Chinese populace was educated while many remained illiterate. This was one of the re ason study groups were formed; so that a reader could read the Red Book to a group of illiterate peasants who would then memorize long passages so that they could feign literacy. In many places all other books but those by Chairman Mao were banned. Reading in Chinese society was heldin high esteem even under communism and the idea of each citizen being a scholar was an appealing idea to both the peasants and served the purposes of Lin Biao who saw that the more widely the Cult of Mao and Mao Zedong Thought was spread the more his power would increase. But by 1970 the end of the Cultural Revolution had begun. Many within the party believed the Cultural Revolution had gone to far, destroyed to much, and were scared that they would become the next party member to be openly criticized by Red Guards. Lin Biaos success in promoting the teachings of Mao made him the successor to Mao starting in August of 1966 but his role was formalized in at the Ninth Party Congress convened in April of 1969 (Ming-Le, 1983: 49). After this Lin Biao tightened the grip of the military on Chinese Society. Lin Biao maneuvered to take advantage of the Sino-Soviet Border clashes in the spring of 1969 to declare martial law. Lin Biao quickly encountered opposition to his growing power. Mao himself became concerned about what he saw as a successor to eager to assume power, and starting in the fall of 1970 Mao maneuvered to limit the power of Lin Biao (Ming-Le, 1983: 47-52). In August of 1970 a national conference was held called the Second Plenum which was a conference of people chosen at the 1969 national conference to decide national policy. The Second Plenum was held in Lushan and chaired by Mao Zedong. At this conference Lin Biao maneuvered to make himself president of the republic. His clique of followers which included Chen Boda circulated such statements as, Lin Biao is an uncommon genius he is one of the great teachers like Marx,and Lenin and Mao (Ming-Le, 1983: 50) Lin Biao saw t hat holding the office of the presidency which became vacant after the death Liu Shaoqi in 1969 was a tool by which he could assume control over China and fulfill his lifetime ambition. On August 25, 1970 Mao convened the conference and upon hearing of Lin Biaos plan destroyed it in a matter of two days. Mao did this in three ways. First, he sentenced Chen Boda to self-examination, this was a clear warning to Lin Biao to stop his grab for power. Second, Mao threatened the members of the conference by saying that he would leave if they brought up the issueof the presidency. Third, Mao wrote in a public letter called, Some Views of Mine, a criticism of those who claim but do not really underezd Marxism. This letter was clearly speaking about Lin Biao although it did not say so directly. The conference at Lushan was a turning point for Lin Biao is symbolized his fall from the graces of Mao because of what Mao perceived as his impatience to become president. Mao was able to effectively eliminate Lin Biao as a threat by joining forces with Zhou Enlai and by isolating Lin Biaos assiezt Chen Boda. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 309) By January of 1971 Lin Biao was no longer in Maos clique of advisors and Mao further diezced himself from Lin Biao and his work at creating a cult of Mao by saying in December of 1970 that he felt the cult created around him had grown to large (Yan and Gao, 1996: 313), what happened between then and Lin Biaos death in September of the year is the object of much speculation. The official Chinese governments story is that Lin Biao died on September 13, 1971, in an airplane crash in Mongolia as he was fleeing to the Soviet Union after having plotted unsuccessfully to overthrow Mao. According to this account during the whole of 1971 Lin Biao was organizing a coup among military officers. This account is very much in doubt and their is much speculation that Lin Biao after falling out of favor with the party leadership was assassinated by communist party (Ming-Le, 1983:228). This has been reinforced by Mongolian reports in 1990 that say that Lin Biao a was not on the plane that crashed in 1971. Alexander the Great Arriving in Persepolis Essay*** Please see the rest of this paper and the bibliography at ****** http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~dberger/papers/t1.htm ***

Chain Management of Pharmaceutical Companies-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Global Logistics and supply Chain Management of Pharmaceutical Companies. Answer: Introduction The report discusses the strategies followed by pharmaceutical companies to be successful in its sector. As it is a very critical sector therefore each phase of the supply chain has to be responsibly undertaken. The example, undertaken is of Roche Company, which is a successful pharmaceutical company and the various logistic management strategies of the company is studied. The report discusses the deficiencies that are incurred during the manufacturing and distribution of the pharmaceutical products and if these deficiencies are avoided, then any unsuccessful company can take a turn towards being a successful company. The various reasons of the success of good supply chain management are discussed via the example discussed below: Successful Pharmaceuticals companies like Roche make effective strategies to reduce counterfeit medicines in comparison to unsuccessful pharma companies. Strategies used for success Few of these strategies are as shown below: Logistics Medicines which have suffered unlawful events are imported as finished products with more safety and automated lines. The products are transferred through manufacturers who are the product owners to distributors through safe inventory system. Managers order and make invoices on behalf of manufacturers and collects payments too. Logistic operators are responsible for packing, picking and transporting material safe handedly to the warehouse. The whole process if analyzed for better results and output (Grimald, 2012). Drug Regulatory Measures Unsuccessful companies hampers drug regulatory measures like they dont hire qualified staff and machinery, there is poor coordination in systems, weak supply chain and lack of proper monitoring. However, successful companies, have structured drug regulatory measures. There is proper implementation of systems and stakeholders are also interviewed in a structured manner. Successful pharmaceutical companies implement better communication, collect feedbacks from customers and other complaints and prepare successful supply chain and logistic strategies to protect drug counterfeit. Few regulatory measures which successful companies practice are fragmenting drug regulatory responsibility for better implementation of tasks. These companies manage their shortcoming in a better way and their supply chain is always audited at each and every step to avoid counterfeit medicines. Unsuccessful companies are ineffective due to corruption, weak communication system, and poor coordination, lack of fin ance and shortage of effective human resource personnel. On site Quality Surveillance and Inspection Systems Successful companies focus on efficient and cost effective ways for surveillance and inspection of large samples of drugs in the company. Pilot Project in Tanzania used a thin layer chromatography to test in their drug quality. This pilot project helped to improve the testing capacity and improve the quality of medicines; this technique was cheap and required simple training. Many batches have been tested with this technique with the aim to improve quality of the final medicines produced. Hence, successful companies like this follow a inspection system in order to check their drug quality before it is finally prepared. This includes very less costs, but provides greater benefits (Fadlallah, et al., 2016). Similarly, there are several factors that have to be taken care of while working in a pharmaceutical sector. It is a very critical business as it involves the life and death of the patients. There are various factors and concerns that have been listed, which needs to be addressed if a company seeks to be a successful company in a pharmaceutical supply chain. There is no proper or insufficient temperature management of storehouse and also the means of transportation of products of both cold chain and room temperature products. The packaging and the means of transportation also do not get approved properly and remain in that state for the whole duration of the delivery time The training of staff in GDP (Good distribution Practice) is very crucial to maintain the standards and composition of the ingredients of the product. In the absence of which, various unauthorized activities take place; while distribution of the product that should be dealt with stringently. Also in terms of employment, the role and the specific tasks of the staff are not defined and thereby the work does not take place in compliance with the license conditions Competitive advantage The distribution of the pharmaceutical products accounts to be a very essential activity of the integrated supply chain management of the pharmaceutical products. There are numerous number of agencies that are involved in the handling, storing and distributing the pharmaceutical products. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain. Another important point for having a competitive edge is that it is important that storing of the drug products is as per required conditions of the temperature, humidity and the light which would result in better identity, strength, quality and purity of the pharmaceutical products. Finally, for the success of the industry as a whole it is very important that the whole sellers comply with the principles of good distribution practices. The main focus should be on the quality. The quality system should be adequate. Every activity needs to be controlled even the drivers should be trained properly as it is analyzed that the drivers those are responsible for the pharmaceutical products are not trained properly. Therefore, the risk and due diligence should be properly carried out in every minor activity also of the supply chain (Trapsida Desta, 2017). Strategies followed for competitive advantage Public Awareness: A successful pharmaceutical company will always work to increase public awareness and educate their target audience unlike an unsuccessful company which is least bothered about it. Public awareness camp was organized on counterfeit medicines by Mali and Mauritania to influence students and check the efficiency of their camp. Students could recall that there is need for reducing the dangers in medicine by seeing posters and they were convinced that there is better need to have control on drug outlets. Through this study, it was found that these campaigns will show better results and can make a company more successful when better channels will be used like that of media channels, distribution of posters in public places and proper communication of the message to the target audience. Online customers can also be targeted to increase their knowledge about counterfeit medicines (Muthoni, 2014). Companies which organize these kinds of surveys and public awareness campaign s, sets a positive image in front of their customers. This strategy will help to portray itself positively in from of its customers and finally help them increase their profits in the long run. Also, this will bring competitive advantage to a pharmaceutical company to survive in the long run. Step by step segregation of tasks: Many other effective strategies have been followed in various countries. Some of them includes, firstly, division of responsibilities which will help to reduce duplication of work and wastage, the tasks can be implemented judiciously. Secondly, Implementation of tasks under full coordination and delegating tasks for better accountability. Thirdly, Allocating right resources to the right function (Fadlallah, et al., 2016). Fourthly, checking the authenticity of the drug, from where it came and who manufactured it, fifthly, to check and inspect the documents guidelines and points are being fulfilled. Sixthly, to make sure that human resource personnel are being available. Seventh, ensuring the financial mechanism is being checked and lastly maintain balance among all drug regulatory functions. Rules and regulations: It is important for a successful pharmaceutical company to follow all rules and laws related to counterfeit medicines. Few companies in Nigeria do not have laws governing to sale, distribution, import or export to control the illegal system in the society. Hence, even if a country does not follow such rules, it is important that companies themselves become liable and provide quality products to the society (Ingelheim, 2017). Sync between the processes: To ensure success in a pharmaceutical company it is imperative that the people those are involved in each stage and in each process of the supply chain work in sync with each other to make sure that supply chain integrity and compliance is addressed. It is also analyzed that the failures are due to human errors. A large number of reported defective medicines are not due to failure of technology, but due to human error (LaTorre-Snyder, 2016). Counterfeit alertness is very essential to provide quality products, proper measures and adequate methods should be taken while delivering the products. There is an increase in the growth of counterfeiting all over the world, in the developed countries, it accounts for 1%, whereas in case of developing countries it is around 10%. The main reason is that the customers or the patients take a short cut and order medicines over the internet. There are various cases of selling counterfeiting medicines over the internet and that is why now certain steps are taken to make aware the masses convince them to use a real prescription while taking medicines, failing to do so, can result in very serious consequences like death. It is very essential to establish control, review genuine and actual risks in multifaceted supply chains. It is also imperative to understand that what is the starting point and what is the ending point of every individual responsibility. Good practices ascertain that the q uality of the medicines is maintained. The temperatures of the environment also play a crucial role in this industry, thereby due care has to be taken to ascertain that under what weather conditions which medicines have to be stored and transported. A major challenge is that that when the temperatures of the environment rises, then the goods have to be very carefully transported while maintaining the required temperature. To ensure success in a pharmaceutical company it is imperative that the people those are involved in each stage and in each process of the supply chain work in sync with each other to make sure that supply chain integrity and compliance is addressed. It is also analyzed that the failures are due to human errors. A large number of reported defective medicines are not due to failure of technology, but due to human error Suitability in unsuccessful companies Roche is a leading company in the healthcare industry and is successful as it follows all national and government rules and provides original treatment to the patients. They are involved with the government to make better laws and rules for reducing counterfeit medicine. Roches medicines are available only through prescription and their staff is well trained to meet all requirements of the government. Contrary, illegal pharmacies which sell counterfeit medicine bring harm to customers and society. Hence, Roche recommends purchasing medicine from authorized dealers only. Roche supports the government policies and provide authorized and reliable medicines. Latest technologies have been employed for better and faster results. Therefore, the unsuccessful companies too can work on the same pattern (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 2017). The need of the hour is that in order to be competitive it is important to optimize the pharmaceutical supply chain and delivering it in accordance to the safety of the patient. All the stakeholders like the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and partners who transport and allocate products to the customers must make sure that the best product quality is delivered by the distribution network by following the GDP approach. It is very important to keep and maintain the standards as the products are transported both locally and globally. Now a day in order to be successful; education, training and constructing awareness is the need of the hour to maintain and regularly improve quality and supply chain standards. Working exclusive of supply chain integrity and authenticity will fail to deliver safety to the patient (Dylst Vulto, 2013). Sustainability in Roche A pharmaceutical company impacts numerous lives around the globe by researching on various medicines and lifesaving products. Hence, it is essential for them to operate sustainability in the form of quality and safe products. They also need to simultaneously work on improved and creative therapies to meet medical emergencies. A pharmaceutical company needs to act responsibly in their code of conduct and thinking to provide significant value to the customers (Singal, 2017). Roche company is committed to sustainability. Roche works on bringing efficiency and continuous improvement in their systems and tasks of reducing counterfeit medicines. The resources and raw material are being carefully analyzed and it is also being taken care that resources are environmentally friendly with minimum wastage. Roche continues to work for minimum wastage and checking the raw material at each step to avoid counterfeit medicines. This will provide safe medicines to the people and will bring trust among people in society. The evaluation of environment and safe medicines is being done by collecting, aggregating the data from Roche website and their clients feedback. A key indicator of their performance includes: use of sustainable energy, maintaining eco-balance, safe health of their clients, training their employees, audit research and benchmarking performances for better results Recommendation Always checking the authenticity of the drug, from where it came and who manufactured it. Then to check and inspect the documents, guidelines and points are being fulfilled. To make sure that human resource personnel are being available. Ensuring the financial mechanism are being checked and lastly maintain balance among all drug regulatory functions. In order to be competitive it is important to optimize the pharmaceutical supply chain and delivering it in accordance to the safety of the patient. It is very important to keep and maintain the standards as the products are transported both locally and globally. In order to be successful; education, training and constructing awareness is the need of the hour to maintain and regularly improve quality and supply chain standards. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain Conclusion The reason why some companies become unsuccessful in the pharmaceutical sector are that these companies do not pay enough heed to drug regulatory measures as these companies do not hire qualified staff and machinery; there is poor coordination in systems, weak supply chain and lack of proper monitoring. Whereas, the successful companies, follow structured drug regulatory measures and also hire trained employees. There is proper implementation of systems. Successful pharmaceutical companies implement better communication, collect feedbacks from customers and other complaints and prepare successful supply chain and logistic strategies to protect drug counterfeit. These companies manage their shortcoming in a better way and their supply chain is always audited at each and every step to avoid counterfeit medicines. Unsuccessful companies are also ineffective due to corrupt; there is a weak communication system, and poor coordination between different phases of the supply chain, lack of f inance and shortage of effective human resource personnel. The competitive advantage and success will be for those companies which take ownership of all the phases that are involved in the distribution process and the entire supply chain. Online customers can also be targeted to increase their knowledge about counterfeit medicines. This strategy will help to portray itself positively in from of its customers and finally help them increase their profits in the long run. Also, this will bring competitive advantage to a pharmaceutical company to survive in the long run References Dylst, P. Vulto, A., 2013. Generic medicines: solutions for a sustainable drug market?. PMC journal, 11(5), pp. 437-43. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 2017. Fighting counterfeit products. [Online] Fadlallah, R., Annan, F. Azzam, H., 2016. Strategies and Systems-Level Interventions to Combat or Prevent Drug Counterfeiting: A Systematic Review of Evidence Beyond Effectiveness. PMC journal, 30(5), p. 263276. Fadlallah, R., El-Jardali , F., Annan, F. Azzam, H., 2016. Strategies and Systems-Level Interventions to Combat or Prevent Drug Counterfeiting: A Systematic Review of Evidence Beyond Effectiveness. Pharmaceutical Medicine journal, October, 30(5), p. 263276. Grimald, P., 2012. Roche Argentina: Fighting counterfeit medicines using a traceability system based on GS1 Standards: Healthcare Reference Book, Available at: https://www.gs1.org.ar/documentos/casos%20de%20exito/Caso_Roche.pdf Ingelheim, B., 2017. Dangers of counterfeit medicines, Available at: https://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/sustainability/anti-counterfeiting/dangers-counterfeit-medicines LaTorre-Snyder, M., 2016. Keeping Counterfeit Medicines Out of the Supply Chain, Available at: https://www.pharmpro.com/article/2016/01/keeping-counterfeit-medicines-out-supply-chain Muthoni, J., 2014. Anti-Counterfeiting Strategies Adopted By Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Firms In Kenya And Organizational Performance, Available at: https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/76838/Marete_Anti-counterfeiting%20Strategies%20Adopted%20by%20Pharmaceutical%20Manufacturing%20Firms%20in%20Kenya%20and%20Organizational%20Performance.pdf?sequence=3 Singal, R., 2017. Understanding the aims of sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) and what they mean for pharmacy, Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/learning/learning-article/understanding-the-aims-of-sustainability-and-transformation-plans-stps-and-what-they-mean-for-pharmacy/20202233.article Trapsida, J. Desta, A., 2017. Preventing and controlling substandard and counterfeit medical products in the WHO African region, Available at: https://www.aho.afro.who.int/en/ahm/issue/15/reports/preventing-and-controlling-substandard-and-counterfeit-medical-products-who